Licensing Geographic Data and Services (2004) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 19-30
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From page 19... ...
This study focuses on licensing of geographic data and services to and from government. The number of uses of geographic data has expanded rapidly with the evolution of geographic information systems that manage geographic data,1 improvements in remote-sensing technologies, the advent of inexpensive Global Positioning System (GPS)
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From page 20... ...
Census Bureau's MAF/TIGER program modernization2 seek to leverage local government investments in geographic data and avoid unnecessary duplication. Because states, tribes, regional groups, counties, and cities have a wide range of data-sharing policies that includes sharing under license, the federal government is increasingly forced to address licensing issues.
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From page 21... ...
More commonly, however, they use licensing to effect such policy objectives as ensuring data integrity by developing relations with known parties to whom notices of corrections and limitations may be delivered, ensuring that the most current government data are used by individuals and businesses, enforcing credit and attribution, and organizing collaboration. From the perspective of government agencies, ownership and licensing each have benefits and drawbacks.
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From page 22... ...
Chapters 2 and 3 are background chapters: Chapter 2 explores societal goals that motivate government missions and data policies; Chapter 3 describes types of geographic data, interrelationships among market players, the value chain of geographic data, and exchange mechanisms within the geographic data marketplace.
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From page 23... ...
Lastly, the appendixes provide a range of resources. Appendix C contains background information on the scope of geographic information.
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From page 24... ...
Geographic information means either geographic data or works without distinction, and may encompass, but is not limited to, (1) location-based measurements and observations obtained through human cognition or through such technologies as satellite remote sensing, aerial photography, GPS, and mobile technologies; and (2)
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From page 25... ...
Geographic services refer to the processes of obtaining, processing, or providing geographic data or geographic works. As used in this volume, the term refers to the provision of access to and use of preexisting data or databases, such as subscription to a particular online geo-based processing capability or subscription to a database allowing downloads when desired.
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From page 26... ...
First, public domain information is usually defined as information that is not protected by copyright or patent law,6 and we include this concept in our definition. Moreover, for information to be part of the public domain, it must be available to the public; hence trade secrets are not part of the public domain, even when not protected by copyright or patent.7 This definition is inadequate for our purposes, however, because the use of digital media permits data providers to impose license or contract terms with limitations on the use or redistribution of data that have not been possible for information published in paper media.8 In such instances, these contract or license rights have the same effects as traditional intellectual property rights, such as patent or copyright.
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From page 27... ...
Geographic information commons means a system for making geographic data and works openly and freely accessible to the public over the Internet. A geographic information commons may include both public domain (i.e., free from any use restrictions)
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From page 29... ...
In the field, each student collects leaf samples from at least 50 tree species, records the location of each identified tree, and describes the bark, canopy shape, and evidence of pests and diseases. To serve as a base map for their project, the class downloaded a digital map from the Internet showing all streets and land parcels in the town.
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