Licensing Geographic Data and Services (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Digital Geographic Data Available in the United States
Appendix C: Digital Geographic Data Available in the United States
Pages 243-254
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From page 243... ...
In fact, it might be argued that technological improvements fostered data generation efforts by the end of the twentieth century. Today, digital devices enable the rapid acquisition and maintenance of an incredible range of geographic databases, a vast inventory of information about Earth, ranging from geodemographic descriptors to well-defined uses of small plots of land.
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From page 244... ...
We also associate federal agencies with particular types of geographic data, recognizing that agencies with parallel or overlapping functions at other government levels also use such data types. C.2 GEOGRAPHIC DATA AND THE PHYSICAL WORLD Numerous features and variables are used to describe, visualize, analyze, and monitor Earth's physical processes, patterns, and conditions.
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From page 245... ...
Surface water bodies in the United States include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and human-made canals. The subsurface (drainage)
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From page 246... ...
C.2.4 Physical Geology and Physical Geography The natural environment includes surface and subsurface features that result from long-term Earth processes and are important for understanding the effects of human actions. Together, these features constitute the physical geology and physical geography of the natural environment.
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From page 247... ...
C.2.5 Energy Resources Energy resources hold substantial locational importance. Among the geographic data available for this category are coal deposits, oil fields, geothermal fields, and natural gas reservoirs.
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From page 248... ...
Other transportation linkages include the intracoastal waterways -- the canal and river systems that serve as commercial linkages -- bridges that connect any of these linkages, and local and regional transit arteries, such as subways. TABLE C-2 A Classification of Geographic Data: The Built Environment Examples of Federal and Other Topic Features Stakeholdersa Transportation Infrastructure, routing, ACE, BTS, roadway descriptions, and CENSUS, DOT, special projects EPA, FAA, FWS, FHA, FTA, FRA, NRCS, NHTSA, NOAA, NASA, USDA Energy generation Generation: hydroelectric ACE, BLM, DOE, sources and facilities, oil rigs, wind EIA, FEMA, USGS transmission farms, nuclear power plants Transmission: transformers and transfer stations and DOE, EIA power transmission lines Institutional Colleges/universities, BLM, Census, EPA, schools, libraries, churches, USGS hospitals, nursing homes, parks, industrial sites, historical sites/districts Administrative and Legal, legislative, census, Census, HUD, legal geography and special- Commerce purpose boundaries, cadastral
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From page 249... ...
Census Bureau, Commerce = Department of Commerce, DOE = Department of Energy, DOT = Department of Transportation, EIA = Energy Information Administration, EPA = Environmental Protection Agency, ESRI = Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., FAA = Federal Aviation Administration, FEMA = Federal Emergency Management Agency, FHA = Federal Highway Administration, FTA = Federal Transit Administration, FRA = Federal Railroad Administration, FWS = Fish and Wildlife Service, HUD = Department of Housing and Urban Development, NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NHTSA = National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NRCS = Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture, USGS = U.S.
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From page 250... ...
As such, this is a broad category containing numerous cultural features that are part of the built environment that are of significance because they provide continuity for the long term, shaping cultural beliefs and traditions, and facilitate some daily behaviors of Americans. Examples of such institutions appear in geographic databases, including (1)
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From page 251... ...
These files contain the previously discussed legal and legislative boundaries, such as local school districts, and also contain a hierarchy of urban geographic zones, including metropolitan statistical areas, census tracts, block groups, and blocks suitable for a wide range of analyses. These boundaries often are utilized to create special-purpose areas/districts and supporting geographic databases.
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From page 252... ...
In addition to demographics, the location of competing retailers and affiliated businesses are typically geocoded geographic databases available from private data providers used in various types of business analyses. C.3.7 Communications and Geographic Data The locations of TV stations, fiber-optic lines, and forms of telegeography have become available in recent years from private vendors and are widely used in the communications industry.
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From page 253... ...
. This class of geographic data includes a large range of layers derived from digital aerial photographs, x rays, sonar, and thermal images remotely detected by sensors on aircraft or satellites.
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From page 254... ...
Cornelius, and S Carver, 2002, An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems, 2nd Ed., Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Education, p.
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