Iodotrifluoromethane Toxicity Review (2004) / Chapter Skim
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lodotrifluoromethane: Toxicity Review
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The U.S. military uses halons for fire suppression and extinguishment m electronic equipment, crew compartments in such combat vehicles as aircraft and armored vehicles, machinery spaces m military ships, and high-bay rooms m flight simulators.
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TIIE SUBCOMMITTEE'S APPROACH To meet its charge, the subcommittee held two public sessions; reviewed materials submitted by the Army and others, includmg the Army's 1999 and 2002 toxicity review of CF31, and assessed current literature relevant to the toxicity of CF31, such as the NFPA Standard 2001. The subcommittee also conducted a literature search to identify any new materials published since the Army's 2002 report.
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Five gene-mutation assays also had equivocal results: two were weakly positive for gene mutations, two strongly positive for gene mutations, and one negative for gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Given the varied genotoricity results, the subcommittee suggests that it would beprudent to verify the micronucleus results in a mouse or rat bone marrow chromosomal-aberration study thatfocuses on structural aberrations, as opposed to micronuclei induction.
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On the basis of the positive genotoxiciiy f ndings, the subcommittee recommends that short-term testing for carcinogeniciiy be conducted Studies of in vitro cellular transformation, as in the Syrian hamsterembryo cell-culture assay, and trarlsgenic animals should be considered The subcommittee fmds that if any of the recommended short-term carcmogenicity tests are positive, the Army must consider whether, given its proposed use and exposure scenarios, a 2-year, m viva, inhalation bioassay for carcinogenicity should be conducted. Reproductive Toxicity The subcommittee and the Agony found only one reproductive-toxicity study of CF31.
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That elevated endogenous concentrations of epinephrine, such as those achieved through exercise or by fright, can also result in fatal cardiac arrhythmia is of particular concern for human exposure. Halocarbon concentrations required to induce cardiac sensidza60n with endogenous epinephrine are 2-20 times higherthanthose required with exogenous epinephrine.
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m normally unoccupied areas is a conservative policy decision to protect military personnel from health effects of CF31 exposure in undefined Army applications. lluman-Exposure Scenarios The two Army toxicity reviews provide few specific exposure data on CF31.
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Because theproposedmilitaryapplicationsofCF3lmigh~resu1 in high concentrations in the event of an accidental discharge, particularly when used in Air Force F-15 aircraft, the subcommittee recommends that personnel who might be potentially exposed be trained in standard operatingprocedures and the use of appropriatepersonalprotective equipment. The subcommittee concurs with NFPA that uses of CF31 that may involve acute exposures should be restricted to normally unoccupied areas.
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