Iodotrifluoromethane Toxicity Review (2004) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Human Exposure
6 Human Exposure
Pages 58-67
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 58... ...
Two experimental studies, one assessing exposure to CF31 in handheld extinguishers (Skaggs and Cecil 1995, as cited in Chaney 2002) and one assessing exposure from intentional release of CF31 m Air Force F-15 aircraft engine nacelles (Vinegar et al.
|
From page 59... ...
Halon 1301 can be used m occupied and unoccupied spaces; however, 'An inerting gas usually refers to a gaseous mixture containing bttle or no oxygen and mainly consisting of non-reactive gases orgases having a high threshold before they react. Nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide are common examples.
|
From page 60... ...
Most likely uses of CF31 are as a fire suppressor or a streaming agent for handheld fire extinguishers, a flooding agent for tanks and military aircraft (for example, in F- 15 aircraft-engine nacelles) and for electronic equipment, and an inerting agent m Air Force F-16 aircraftengine wing fuel tanks (McCain and Macko 1999, Rupnik et al.
|
From page 61... ...
Furthermore, the subcommittee recommends that release techmologies be studied so that the potential for accidental release in normally unoccupied spaces, such as aircraft engine nacelles, can be minimized. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR CF31 AND ITS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS The Army update (Chaney 2002)
|
From page 62... ...
. NFPA considers the recommendations of the AmericanlndustrialHygiene Association Emergency Response Pla~mmg Guidelines to be more appropriate for firefighting situations: for l-h exposures, mitigating steps such as respiratory protection should be taken above 20 ppm, and 50 ppm is the maximal nonlethal exposure for nearly everyone, except those who are "susceptible persons" (NFPA 2000)
|
From page 63... ...
It has a relatively low OSHA ceiling limit of 0.1 ppm as iodine (29 CFR § 1910.1 000)
|
From page 64... ...
. · Exposures to CF31 and its decomposition products due to accidental discharge of high-volume Refighting systems, such as those in airplane engine nacelles or tanks or of CF31 storage cylinders, could resWt in exposures to greater than 70,000 ppm athead level (Vinegar et al.
|
From page 65... ...
Both the NOAEL and the LOAEL are related to cardiac sensitization, so most of those exposure scenarios represent situations immediately dangerous to life and health and wouldrequire self-contamedbreathmg apparatus respiratoryprotectionfor the firefighters at all times. To assess the potentially very high exposure of persormel who might be affected by accidental discharges of CF31 from an aircraft engine nacelle during ground maintenance and repair operations, a series of CF31 discharges were carried out on a grounded F- 15 jet.
|
From page 66... ...
The subcommittee recommends that uses of CF31 that may involve acute exposures should be restricted to normally unoccupied areas. Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrogen iodide, and Carbonyl Fluoride None of the exposure studies examined contained any reports of experimental measurements of any of these three chemicals, nor were the estimates of the possible exposure to them expected from various CF31 discharges.
|
From page 67... ...
Furthermore, people couldbe exposed at up to 0.3% formore than 5 mm without reaching the critical blood concentration. In addition, the subcommittee recommends that persormel potentially subjected to shortterm high exposures (maintenance and service personnel)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.