Iodotrifluoromethane Toxicity Review (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Toxicity Review for Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I): 2002 Update
Appendix B: Toxicity Review for Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I): 2002 Update
Pages 77-96
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From page 77... ...
. Amendments to this agreement, called the "Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer," placed controls on the production and consumption of ozone depleting materials, including the fire suppressants Halon 1211 and Halon 1301.
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From page 78... ...
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the toxicity of CF31 is relatively low. Available data indicate a potential health hazard exists in the area of cardiac sensitization following acute inhalation exposure to concentrations of CF31 greater than 0.2%.
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From page 79... ...
. These compounds would be produced to a greater degree during fire suppression, but CF31 would be expected to produce less HF than other candidate Halon replacement agents like HFC-125, HFC-227ea, or FC-218 (Gann, 1995)
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From page 80... ...
Regulatory information The proposed design concentration for CF31 use in most systems exceeds the lowest observed adverse effect (LOAEL) for cardiac sensidzation of 0.4%.
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From page 81... ...
. One of the Preventive Medicine functional areas of AR 40-5 is the Health Hazard Assessment Program (AR 40- 10: Health HazardAssessment Program m Support ofthe Army Materiel
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From page 82... ...
Efficacy The minimum design concentration for a gaseous agent is determined by the ISO Cup Burner Test. The concentration of Halon 1301 necessary to extinguish a n-heptane fire by this test method is 3.3 Volvo.
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From page 83... ...
The NFPA 2001 Standard (1996) requires a minimum 20% safety factor above the cup burner values with a minimum design concentration of 5.0% for Halon 1301.
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From page 84... ...
Immediately following exposure, severe salivation was noted for all exposed rats, and 2 males exhibited audible respiration (rates)
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From page 85... ...
Necropsy findings indicated red lungs m 2 males and 1 female. One male rat died following exposure to 24%.
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From page 86... ...
Mean body weights were significantly decreased for males and females in the 8% treatment group, and for males only m the 4% group. Hematological analysis showed a slight decrease in red blood cell count m male rats, and decreased total lymphocytes m both males and females in CF31 treated groups.
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From page 87... ...
Genetic toxicity testing completed for CF31 incudes the Salmonella t,vphimurium histidine reversion assay (Ames Assay) , the in vivo mouse bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus test, and the mouse Iymphoma forwardmutation assayusmgL5 178Y cells (Mitchell, 1995a; b; c; Dodd et al., 1997b)
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From page 88... ...
The results indicate that CF31 is mutagenic with and without activation, inducing frame-shift and base-pair mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. For the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, Swiss Webster mice were exposed for 6 hours/day for 3 consecutive days to 2.5%, 5% or 7.5% concentrations of CF31.
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From page 89... ...
were sacrificed after 14 weeks. Evaluated endpoints included measurement of body weights, hematology and clinical chemistry, thyroid hormone levels, bone marrow micronuclei, gross necropsy, organ weights and histopathology.
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Blood concentrations of CF31 were estimated usung PBPK modeling. The estimated blood concentration resulting from a 5-minute exposure to 4000 ppm (0.4%)
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From page 91... ...
. Since the dog model used to measure cardiac sensitization is a conservative assessment of human risk, PBPK modeling can also be used to simulate concentrations of halocarbon agents m human blood following different exposure scenarios that may cause cardiac effects.
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From page 92... ...
It is possible that CF31 mediated reproductive effects observed mthe Kinkead study may have been potentiated by heat stress. The pathology report indicated potential reproductive toxicity associated with exposure to CF31 occurred at the high and medium dosage levels and recommended further inves6ga60n.
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From page 93... ...
Available data indicates a potential health hazard exists m the area of cardiac sensitization following acute inhalation exposure to concentrations of CF31 greater than 0.2%. The effect of CF31 on mutagenicity and reproductive parameters is equivocal and may warrant further investigation.
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From page 94... ...
and 1,1,1 2,3,3,3heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) using the Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse Iymphoma mutation assays and the mouse micronucleus test.
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. Volume 11 of m: Results of in vivo mouse bone marrow erytbrocyte micronucleus testing.
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1991. ArmyRegulation40-10: Health Hazard Assessment program in support of He Army materiel acquisition decision process.
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