The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces (2004) / Chapter Skim
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6 Recommendations for Improving the Overall Effectiveness of Naval Experimentation
6 Recommendations for Improving the Overall Effectiveness of Naval Experimentation
Pages 181-206
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From page 181... ...
In the aggregate, the recommendations consist primarily of new or enhanced strategies, mechanisms, and processes and are pertinent to the ongoing and future experimentation programs of the Naval Services in this period of rapid change in their approach to their mission.
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From page 182... ...
Finding for Navy: Continuing Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Naval Operations sponsorship, leadership, and attention are vital for the overall coordination, direction, prioritization, and execution of the naval experimentation program. Recommendation 1: To ensure that experimentation is a key enabler of his longterm vision, the CNO should establish and, together with the VCNO, participate in an annual review of the experimentation program with the senior leadership of the Navy.
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From page 183... ...
Finding for Navy: The mechanisms and processes for transitioning the results of experimentation directly to the fleet or to an acquisition program of record are inadequate, and they curtail the effectiveness of experimentation in building future naval forces. Finding for Marine Corps: The Marine Corps has been successful in transitioning nonmaterial elements of doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF)
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From page 184... ...
· The Navy operational and acquisition communities should explore means to accelerate transition of the results of experimentation to the fleet more aggressively. These means should include the expanded use of other transaction authority and spiral development.3 · The Navy test community should explore new roles for the Operational Test and Evaluation Force, including its early participation in the experimentation program, with its advisory assessments provided directly to experiment managers.
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From page 185... ...
These means should include expanded use of other transaction authority and spiral development. · The Marine Corps test community should explore new roles for the Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity emphasizing its early participation in the experimentation program, with its advisory assessments provided directly to experiment managers.
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From page 186... ...
It is an acquisition strategy that is applicable to prototype projects, provides streamlined procedures for faster awards, and enables innovative business arrangements that can transition later into the Major Defense Acquisition Program processes. Reaffirmation of Spiral Development A component of Recommendation 2 reaffirms the promise of spiral development that was first articulated in the recent Naval Studies Board report on network-centric operations.6 The use of spiral development by the Naval Services has not been systematic to date.
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From page 187... ...
There are also naval infrastructure capabilities that could support such exploration -- namely, the Navy's Distributed Engineering Plant and the Marine Corps Tactical Systems Support Activity at Camp Pendleton, California. ENHANCE THE NAVAL EXPERIMENTATION PROGRAMS Issue Certain important areas are not yet adequately explored in the naval experimentation programs, although some of these areas are gaining definition.8 For the Navy, these omissions are due in part to its approach to experimentation, which in the past has not been founded on sufficiently robust experimentation campaigns but on an over-reliance on many individual events such as FBEs.
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From page 188... ...
In response to the CNO's guidance, the CFFC, through the NWDC, recently drafted the Sea Trial experimentation campaign plan.9 The committee believes that this is a step in the right direction, although the impact of the plan on the Navy is as yet unclear. For the Marine Corps, there has been a shift in recent years from a balanced program of experimentation campaigns to a program of experimentation based on near- and mid-term objectives.
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From page 189... ...
Specifically, for the Marine Corps: · In collaboration with the Navy Warfare Development Command, the Marine Corps Combat Development Command should augment its experimentation program by developing experimentation campaigns to address its strategic, long-term objectives, such as sea basing, conventional and unconventional expeditionary warfare, and, jointly with the Navy, assured access. Furthermore, its overall experimentation campaign should encompass all levels of force structure and activity necessary to meet the range of potential threats and future operational demands.
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From page 190... ...
Recommendation 4: To improve the effectiveness of its experimentation efforts, the Navy Warfare Development Command should augment its end-to-end experimentation processes by making the following key changes: · Expand the emphasis on experimentation campaigns that use a full spectrum of experimentation activities, with analysis integrated throughout the campaigns as well as applied to determine which venues are most appropriate. · Conduct significantly greater amounts of systematic and innovative analysis earlier and throughout the experimentation process in order to select, develop, and broaden understanding of the operational concepts to be explored, including a range of multiple and competing concepts.
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From page 191... ...
One is the past emphasis on large field events, compounded more recently by joint experimentation. Large field events are costly and require many months of effort.
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From page 192... ...
; and the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Resources, Requirements, and Assessments (N8) , should determine, and then plan, program, and preserve sufficient funding for the experimentation program within the Future Year Defense Program as a matter of priority.
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From page 193... ...
Finding for Navy: The infrastructure and tools required for the experimentation campaigns of the future, including those for Sea Trial and joint experimentation, are inadequate. Primary shortfalls include the following: limited availability of ship platforms (compounded by the potential decommissioning of the USS Coronado)
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From page 194... ...
It should also supplement its tools for building, validating, and verifying models; for generating scenarios and populating databases; and for collecting and analyzing data, while ensuring that tools can function and integrate within the various frameworks and environments as future experimentation campaigns are defined and executed. In addressing enhancement of its infrastructure and tools for naval experimentation, the Department of the Navy should leverage the capabilities of other organizations, such as the U.S.
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From page 195... ...
BALANCE NAVAL AND JOINT EXPERIMENTATION Issue As joint operations continue to leverage naval capabilities, planning is needed to link naval and joint experimentation across a spectrum of activities ranging from the earliest concept development through analyses, war games, and simulations, leading ultimately to limited-objective experiments and larger fleet experiments. Given this requirement, the committee views the current state in naval experimentation as having both limitations and opportunities.
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From page 196... ...
should conduct enough naval experimentation campaigns to ensure that the highest-priority naval operational concepts are adequately explored. · The CFFC and the MCCDC should design all naval experiments with full recognition that the Navy and the Marine Corps will most likely be operating in a joint context; to the maximum degree feasible, the Naval Services should partner with the other Services in experimenting with relevant assets.
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From page 197... ...
The committee's Recommendation 7 expounds on opportunities for joint experimentation, not only through USJFCOM, but also with the Combatant Commands and through cross-Service efforts. In the past both the Navy and the Marine Corps have participated in conducting experiments with the Combatant Commands, usually in conjunction with exercises such as Kernel Blitz.
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From page 198... ...
. A Mission-Based Approach for Balancing Naval and Joint Experimentation In addition to the principles recommended by the committee, a process is necessary in order to systematically and thoroughly achieve balance between naval-specific and joint concept development and experimentation.
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From page 199... ...
Given the committee's earlier recommendations on methods and processes, additional observations in the context of balancing naval and joint experimentation can be made: · All opportunities for joint experimentation should be used -- USJFCOM, experimentation within the Combatant Commands, and direct Service-to-Service interaction. Particular opportunities may lie in the greater use of fleet battle experiments for joint purposes and in increased direct interaction between the Navy and Marine Corps combat development centers and those of the other Services.
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From page 200... ...
In two separate findings, one for each Service, the committee identified shortfalls in these programs. For the Navy, the finding focused on a lack of robust experimentation campaigns as well as on areas requiring expansion, and for the Marine Corps, the finding noted a lack of programs with long-term objectives.
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From page 201... ...
These questions provide a fruitful area for experimentation. There is need for joint experimentation with the Air Force to explore the techniques of in-stride methods -- and the effectiveness of these techniques -- to clear the path to the beach using the Harvest Hammer technique (line charge analog using simultaneous, high-explosive charges precisiondelivered from the air)
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From page 202... ...
Such scenarios may well involve the use of nonlethal weapons, the TTPs for which have yet to be worked out in detail. Also, joint experimentation is needed to examine the effectiveness of various means of calling in and providing fleet-based surface and air fire support to Marines fighting in close, built-up quarters, with and without their artillery on scene.
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From page 203... ...
Also, there is a need to determine how ships such as DDG-51s, the newly planned Littoral Combat Ship, and ship commanders will function in multimission modes when mine warfare is added to the already large mission mix of air and missile defense and surface fire support. Sea Basing Sea basing for naval forces ashore is a radical new concept designed to avoid the sovereignty issues and delays attending the establishment of shore bases 21Naval Studies Board, National Research Council.
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From page 204... ...
The experimentation campaign plan for forcible entry from a sea base should address the need for and explore the feasibility of new CONOPS, architectures that are not dependent on the advanced, amphibious, assault vehicle (AAAV) , the Osprey tiltrotor (the V-22)
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From page 205... ...
Because of the complexity of these issues, at some point the modeling and simulation that supports the concept development will also require validation as part of joint experiments and field events to assure that the simulation models are matched by reality. 25Naval Studies Board, National Research Council.
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