The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 288-316

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 288... ... 288 7 REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES This chapter examines reproductive and developmental outcomes of exposure to fuel and combustion products. The outcomes of interest include infertility, preterm birth and low-birth rate, as well as birth defects and childhood cancers. Read the entire page →
From page 289... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 289 and reserve troops, as noted earlier, constituted a relatively high percentage of US troops deployed to the Gulf War. Anecdotal reports of an excess of Goldenhar syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly that affects the development of facial structures, prompted another study of birth defects. Read the entire page →
From page 290... ... 290 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Five reproductive outcomes (livebirth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and induced abortion) were analyzed among female veterans during or after the Gulf War compared to nondeployed female veterans (Araneta et al. Read the entire page →
From page 291... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 291 Reference Population Exposed Cases Estimated Relative Risk Neuroblastoma Case-Control Studies De Roos et al. Maternal occupational exposure 2001 Nonvolatile hydrocarbons, self-reported exposure 26 1.2 (0.72.2) Read the entire page →
From page 292... ... 292 GULF WAR AND HEALTH working on aircraft maintenance at an Air Force installation and eight nonexposed men at the same facility. Semen quality was assessed at baseline, before entry into the exposed job, and at periods of 15 and 30 weeks post-baseline, during which the men were occupationally exposed to solvents or jet fuels (primarily JP4) Read the entire page →
From page 293... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 293 Limitations of the study include the assignment of the same exposure status, based on drinkingwater measurements, to every woman in a given study area, and the potential for recall bias. Childhood Cancers The committee considered any health effect in the child of a veteran as a reproductive effect even if the manifestation was cancer. Read the entire page →
From page 294... ... 294 GULF WAR AND HEALTH A population-based case-control study of 309 children who had leukemia and 618 healthy population controls in urban Shanghai, China, was conducted (Shu et al. Read the entire page →
From page 295... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 295 as causal factors. More than 50% of children with brain tumors (all types combined) Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... 296 GULF WAR AND HEALTH during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of astrocytoma (OR 8.9, 95% CI 1.171.1, p = 0.04) Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 297 history. However, despite the lack of control for potential confounders, the consistent associations found in both studies, the presence of paternal chromosomal deletions in 60-75% of PWS patients, and studies showing associations between chromosomal aberrations and occupational exposure to gasoline (Carere et al. Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... 298 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes The committee sought information on whether maternal or paternal exposure to combustion products before conception or maternal exposure during the first 3 months (first trimester) of gestation affected pregnancy outcomes. Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... 300 R ef er en ce Po pu la tio n Po llu ta nt s M ea su re d an d E xp os ur e Pe ri od A dj us te d O R (9 5% C I o r p) Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 301 Bobak (2000) studied all singleton live births registered in 1991 by the Czech Republic (n = 108,173) Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... 302 GULF WAR AND HEALTH A case-control study of VLBW (<1500 grams at birth) was conducted in the state of Georgia (Rogers et al. Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... 304 R ef er en ce Po pu la tio n Po llu ta nt M ea su re d an d E xp os ur e Pe ri od A dj us te d O R (9 5% C I o r p) Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... 305 R ef er en ce Po pu la tio n Po llu ta nt M ea su re d an d E xp os ur e Pe ri od A dj us te d O R (9 5% C I o r p) Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... 306 R ef er en ce Po pu la tio n Po llu ta nt M ea su re d an d E xp os ur e Pe ri od A dj us te d O R (9 5% C I o r p) Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 307 Two studies of full-term births were published in the Czech Republic (Dejmek et al. Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... 308 GULF WAR AND HEALTH pregnancy. After adjustment for sex, birth order, maternal age, parental education level, and gestational age, first-trimester CO and PM10 exposure increased LBW risk (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07 and OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07, respectively) Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 309 LBW: ORs increased by a factor of 1.11 for each 100-µg/m3 increase in SO2 (95% CI 1.06-1.16) Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... 310 GULF WAR AND HEALTH The committee concludes, from its assessment of the epidemiologic literature, that there is limited/suggestive evidence of an association between combustion product exposure during pregnancy and low birthweight or intrauterine growth retardation, but the data provided inadequate/insufficient evidence of an association between combustion-product exposure at specific periods during pregnancy (for example, the first trimester) and low birthweight and intrauterine growth retardation. Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 311 The committee concludes, from its assessment of the epidemiologic literature, that there is inadequate/insufficient evidence of an association between maternal and paternal combustion product exposure prior to conception or maternal exposure during early pregnancy and specific birth defects, including cardiac effects. Childhood Cancers Several childhood cancers have been investigated in relation to combustion-product exposure before birth (that is, before or during gestation) Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... 312 GULF WAR AND HEALTH For ALL, paternal exposure to exhaust fumes at periconception had an OR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.021.56) ; exposure to inhaled particulate hydrocarbons, 1.41 (95% CI 1.11-1.79) Read the entire page →
From page 313... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 313 leukemia, and lymphoma and paternal occupations described nonspecifically as hydrocarbonrelated. A case-control study of childhood leukemia and parental occupation did not find an increased risk with occupational exposure to exhaust gases (van Steensel-Moll et al. Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... 314 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Buckley JD, Robison LL, Swotinsky R, Garabrant DH, LeBeau M, Manchester P, Nesbit ME, Odom L, Peters JM, Woods WG. Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES 315 Ledbetter DH, Cassidy SB. Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... 316 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Ross JA, Swensen AR. Read the entire page →

From page 288...

... 288 7 REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES This chapter examines reproductive and developmental outcomes of exposure to fuel and combustion products. The outcomes of interest include infertility, preterm birth and low-birth rate, as well as birth defects and childhood cancers.