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Gulf War and Health Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants (2005) / Chapter Skim
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From page 465...
... 465 INDEX A Abortion, spontaneous, from exposure to fuels, 292–293 ACGIH. See American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACS.
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From page 466...
... 466 GULF WAR AND HEALTH specificity of association, 4, 23–24 strength of evidence of an association, 4, 22–23 temporal relationship, 4, 23 Asthma, 240, 242 categories used to evaluate indoor pollutants related to, 25 conclusions about, 264–266 from exposure to fuels, 242, 244 key studies of, 265–266 “physician-diagnosed,” 246 ATS. See American Thoracic Society ATSDR.
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From page 467...
... INDEX 467 Brain/CNS cancers and exposure to combustion products, selected epidemiologic studies, 197 and exposure to fuels, selected epidemiologic studies, 195–196 Breast cancer female, 101–102 male, 102–104 British Medical Research Council, 260, 262, 268 C California, studies from cited, 73, 89, 92, 289, 301, 309, 310, 311 California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, 250 Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, 320 Canada, studies from cited, 69–70, 72, 75–77, 79–80, 86, 95, 97–101, 106, 108, 121–122, 124–126, 128–130, 133, 140, 259, 283, 295, 301, 308, 310, 361 Cancers, 16, 60–239, 413-454 bladder cancer, 111–119 brain/CNS cancers, 195–197 cancers of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, 66–70 cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, 61–66 colon cancer, 74–76 developmental insults from, 359 esophageal cancer, 70–72 and exposure to hydrazines, toxicology of, 355 and exposure to nitric acid, toxicology of, 358–359 and exposure to uncombusted fuels, 35 female breast cancer, 101–102 female genital cancers (cervical, endometrial, uterine, and ovarian) , 104–105 genotoxicity, 359 hepatic cancer.
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From page 468...
... 468 GULF WAR AND HEALTH nervous system cancers, 107–110 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 127–130 non-melanoma skin cancers, 98–101 ocular melanoma, 110–111 pancreatic cancer, 79–80 prostatic cancer. See Male genital cancers rectal cancer, 76–78 stomach cancer, 72–74 summary of conclusions, 142–143 susceptibility to infection, 359 tables, 144–222 Cancers of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, 66–70 conclusions about, 69–70 and exposure to combustion products, 67–69 case-control studies, 67–69 selected epidemiologic studies, 147–148 and exposure to fuels, 66–67 case-control studies, 67 selected epidemiologic studies, 147 Cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, 61–66 conclusions about, 65–66 and exposure to combustion products, 63–65 case-control studies, 63–65 selected epidemiologic studies, 145–146 and exposure to fuels, 62–63 case-control studies, 63 cohort studies, 62–63 selected epidemiologic studies, 144 Cancers of the renal pelvis, in bladder cancer, and exposure to combustion products, 118 Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from combustion, 41–42 toxicity of, 48 Carcinogenicity, of various agents and categories used by other IOM committees, 15 Cardiovascular effects, 277–287 and exposure to combustion products, 278–284 and exposure to fuels, 278 and exposure to nitric acid, 384 and exposure to uncombusted fuels, experimental studies, 37 inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 10 Case-control studies, 408–409 of bladder cancer and exposure to combustion products, 115–118
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From page 469...
... INDEX 469 and exposure to fuels, 111–114 of cancers of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and exposure to combustion products, 67–69 and exposure to fuels, 67 of cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx and exposure to combustion products, 63–65 and exposure to fuels, 63 of colon cancer and exposure to combustion products, 75–76 and exposure to fuels, 75 of esophageal cancer, and exposure to combustion products, 71 of female breast cancer, and exposure to combustion products, 102 of female genital cancers (cervical, endometrial, uterine, and ovarian) , and exposure to combustion products, 105 of Hodgkin’s disease and exposure to combustion products, 132 and exposure to fuels, 131 of kidney cancer and exposure to combustion products, 124–127 and exposure to fuels, 121–124 of laryngeal cancer and exposure to combustion products, 82–84 and exposure to fuels, 81–82 of leukemias, and exposure to combustion products, 138–139 of liver cancer and exposure to combustion products, 78–79 and exposure to fuels, 78 of male breast cancer and exposure to combustion products, 103 and exposure to fuels, 103 of male genital cancers (prostatic and testicular)
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From page 470...
... 470 GULF WAR AND HEALTH of nervous system cancers and exposure to combustion products, 109 and exposure to fuels, 109 of nitric acid exposure, 383–384 laryngeal cancer, 383 multiple myeloma, 384 of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and exposure to combustion products, 129–130 and exposure to fuels, 128–129 of non-melanoma skin cancers and exposure to combustion products, 100 and exposure to fuels, 99 of ocular melanoma, and exposure to combustion products, 110 of outdoor air pollution, 254–255 of pancreatic cancer, and exposure to combustion products, 80 of rectal cancer and exposure to combustion products, 77–78 and exposure to fuels, 77 of sarcoidosis, and exposure to combustion products, 337–341 of stomach cancer and exposure to combustion products, 73 and exposure to fuels, 72 tables of, 425–456 Case reports and case series, 409–410 Categories of association, 4–6, 25–27 inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 5, 8– 10, 26, 142–143 limited/suggestive evidence of an association, 5, 7–8, 26 of no association, 6, 11, 26–27 sufficient evidence of a causal association, 5, 7, 25, 142 sufficient evidence of an association, 5, 7, 26, 142 Causal relationships, evidence of, 3, 15–16 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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From page 471...
... INDEX 471 of hydrazine, 349–350 of nitric acid, 349–350 of selected uncombusted fuels, 30–31 Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) , 45 Chevron Corporation, 241 Childhood cancers, 293–296, 311–313 central nervous system cancers, 294–296 conclusions about, 313 leukemia, 293–294 China, studies from cited, 63–64, 66–67, 73, 90–94, 256–257, 294, 301, 308, 335 Chlamydia pneumoniae, 340–341 Chronic bioassays, 47 Chronic bronchitis, 240 conclusions about, 267–269 and exposure to fuels, 242, 245 key studies of, 268 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
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From page 472...
... 472 GULF WAR AND HEALTH and exposure to combustion products, 132 and exposure to fuels, 131 of kidney cancer and exposure to combustion products, 124 and exposure to fuels, 120–121 of laryngeal cancer, and exposure to fuels, 81 of leukemias, and exposure to combustion products, 138 of male genital cancers (prostatic and testicular) , and exposure to fuels, 106 of malignant melanoma of the skin and exposure to combustion products, 96 and exposure to fuels, 94–95 of multiple myeloma, and exposure to fuels, 133–134 of nervous system cancers, and exposure to fuels, 108–109 of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and exposure to combustion products, 129 and exposure to fuels, 128 of non-melanoma skin cancers, and exposure to fuels, 98–99 of pancreatic cancer, and exposure to fuels, 79 prospective and retrospective, 407 of rectal cancer, and exposure to fuels, 76–77 of stomach cancer and exposure to combustion products, 73 and exposure to fuels, 72 tables of, 414–425 Colon cancer, 74–76 conclusions about, 76 and exposure to combustion products, 75–76 case-control studies, 75–76 selected epidemiologic studies, 153–154 and exposure to fuels, 74–75 case-control studies, 75 cohort studies, 74–75 selected epidemiologic studies, 152–153 Columbia, studies from cited, 263 Combustion products, 39–49 bladder cancer, and exposure to, 114–118 cancers of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, and exposure to, 67–69 cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, and exposure to, 63–65 cardiovascular disease, and exposure to, 278–284 air-pollution studies, 280–281 conclusions about, 284 Gulf War Veteran studies, 279–280 occupational studies, 282–284
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From page 473...
... INDEX 473 colon cancer, and exposure to, 75–76 esophageal cancer, and exposure to, 70–71 female breast cancer, and exposure to, 102 female genital cancers (cervical, endometrial, uterine, and ovarian) , and exposure to, 105 hepatic cancer, and exposure to, 156 Hodgkin’s disease, and exposure to, 131–132 kidney cancer, and exposure to, 124–127 laryngeal cancer, and exposure to, 82–84 leukemias, and exposure to, 138–139 liver cancer, and exposure to, 78–79 lung cancer, and exposure to, 86–93 male breast cancer, and exposure to, 103 male genital cancers (prostatic and testicular)
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From page 474...
... 474 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Computed-tomographic (CT) scans, 323 Conclusions, 264–269 about asthma, 264–266 about birth defects, 311 about bladder cancer, 118–119 about cancers of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, 69–70 about cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, 65–66 about childhood cancers, 313 about chronic bronchitis, 267–269 about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 269–270 about colon cancer, 76 about combustion products and cardiovascular disease, 284 about dermatologic outcomes, 336 about emphysema, 269 about esophageal cancer, 71–72 about female breast cancer, 102 about female genital cancers (cervical, endometrial, uterine, and ovarian)
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From page 475...
... INDEX 475 about stomach cancer, 74 summary of, 142–143 Consistency of association, in assessing the strength of the evidence, 4, 23 Contact dermatitis, experimental studies of the toxicology of hydrazines in, 356 Controlled epidemiologic studies (observational) , 406–410 case-control studies, 408–409 case reports and case series, 409–410 cohort studies, 407–408 cross-sectional studies, 409 information from death certificates, 410 Controlled trials, randomized, 20 in humans, 406 COPD.
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From page 476...
... 476 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Diseases epidemiology dealing with determinants of, distribution of, and frequency of, 20 not specified in legislation, 18 DOD. See US Department of Defense Dose-response relationship, in assessing the strength of the evidence, 4–5, 23 E Ear nose and throat (ENT)
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From page 477...
... INDEX 477 and exposure to combustion products, 192–193 and exposure to fuels, 191 of hepatic cancer and exposure to combustion products, 156 and exposure to fuels, 156 of Hodgkin’s disease and exposure to combustion products, 216 and exposure to fuels, 215–216 of hydrazine exposure, occupational studies, 362–370 of kidney cancer and exposure to combustion products, 210–212 and exposure to fuels, 207–210 of laryngeal cancer and exposure to combustion products, 159–163 and exposure to fuels, 158 of leukemias, 290 and exposure to combustion products, 220–221 of lung cancer and exposure to combustion products, 164–184 and exposure to fuels, 163–164 of male breast cancer and exposure to combustion products, 190–191 and exposure to fuels, 190 of MCS symptoms in veteran and civilian populations, 326–327 of melanoma skin cancer, and exposure to fuels, 184–185 of multiple myeloma and exposure to combustion products, 218–220 and exposure to fuels, 216–218 of myelodysplastic syndromes and exposure to combustion products, 222 and exposure to fuels, 221–222 nature of the Gulf War studies, 410–411 of neuroblastoma, 291 of nitric acid exposure, occupational studies, 371–384 of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and exposure to combustion products, 214–215 and exposure to fuels, 212–213 of non-melanoma skin cancers and exposure to combustion products, 187–188 and exposure to fuels, 187 of ocular melanoma, and exposure to combustion products, 197–198 of pancreatic cancer and exposure to combustion products, 157–158
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From page 478...
... 478 GULF WAR AND HEALTH and exposure to fuels, 157 of Prader-Willi syndrome, 291 of prostatic cancer and exposure to combustion products, 194–195 and exposure to fuels, 193 of rectal cancer and exposure to combustion products, 155–156 and exposure to fuels, 154–155 of reproductive outcomes from exposure to fuel, 290–291 of respiratory outcomes, and fuel exposure, 243–246 of Scud missile debris, exposure by Gulf War veterans to, 360–362 of stomach cancer and exposure to combustion products, 151–152 and exposure to fuels, 150 types of, 17, 405–412 Epidemiological Standardization project, 256 Error, reducing common sources of, 6, 22 Esophageal cancer, 70–72 conclusions about, 71–72 and exposure to combustion products, 70–71 case-control studies, 71 cohort studies, 71 selected epidemiologic studies, 149 and exposure to fuels, 70 cohort studies, 70 selected epidemiologic studies, 148 and exposure to nitric acid, 387–388 Ethiopia, studies from cited, 335 European Merged Bladder Cancer Study (EMBCS) , 113-114, 117–119 European Prospective Study into Cancer and Nutrition, 254 Evaluation of the literature, 3–4, 18–27 categories of association, 25–27 considerations in assessing the strength of the evidence, 22–25 epidemiologic studies, 20–21 identification of the literature, 19 inclusion criteria, 4, 21–22 Evidence of a causal relationship, 3, 16 of a statistical association, 2, 15 Excerpta Medica database, 403 Experimental studies, 405–406 animal models, 405–406 of exposure to nitric acid, 357–358
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From page 479...
... INDEX 479 randomized controlled trials in humans, 406 of the toxicology of hydrazines, 354–356 amyloidosis, 355 cancer, 355 contact dermatitis, 356 genotoxicity, 355 hepatic effects, 354 nervous system effects, 354 reproductive and developmental effects, 354–355 respiratory effects, 354 systemic lupus erythematosus, 355 of the toxicology of nitric acid, 357–358 residual effects of corrosive action and irritation, 357–358 of uncombusted fuels, 34–39 cancer, 35 cardiovascular effects, 37 dermal effects, 39 gastrointestinal effects, 37 hepatic effects, 36–37 immunologic effects, 37–38 neurologic effects, 35–36 renal effects, 38 reproductive and developmental effects, 38–39 respiratory effects, 36 Exposure. See also Combustion products; Fuels; Hydrazines; Nitric acid to compounds in exhaust fumes, 92–93 to environmental or wartime hazards, 1 and exposure-free interval for reversible effects, 21–22 to preventive medicines or vaccines associated with Gulf War service, 1 to toxic agents, 1 Exposure intensity, 6, 10, 14 estimating, 26n, 247 Exposure limits, for uncombusted fuels, 29 Exxon Corporation, 121, 128, 131–133 F FAB.
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From page 480...
... 480 GULF WAR AND HEALTH selected epidemiologic studies, 189 and exposure to fuels, 101 cohort studies, 101 selected epidemiologic studies, 188–189 Female genital cancers (cervical, endometrial, uterine, and ovarian) , 104–105 conclusions about, 105 and exposure to combustion products, 105 case-control studies, 105 selected epidemiologic studies, 192–193 and exposure to fuels, 104 cohort studies, 104 selected epidemiologic studies, 191 Finland, studies from cited, 64, 80, 100, 105, 125, 264 Finnish Cancer Registry, 100, 123 Forced vital capacity (FVC)
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From page 481...
... INDEX 481 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and exposure to, 128–129 non-melanoma skin cancers, and exposure to, 98–99 ocular melanoma, and exposure to, 110 pancreatic cancer, and exposure to, 79 prostatic cancer, and exposure to. See Male genital cancer rectal cancer, and exposure to, 76–77 reproductive and developmental outcomes, and exposure to, 290–297 childhood cancers, 293–296 conclusions about, 297 infertility, 291–292 selected epidemiologic studies, 290–291 spontaneous abortion, 292–293 respiratory outcomes, and exposure to, 241–243 asthma, 242, 244 chronic bronchitis and emphysema, 242, 245 conclusions about, 242–243 nonmalignant respiratory disease, 241–244 pneumonia and influenza, 245–246 selected epidemiologic studies, 243–246 stomach cancer, and exposure to, 72 toxicokinetics of, 34 FVC.
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From page 482...
... 482 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Genital cancers female, 104–105 male, 105–107 Genotoxicity experimental studies of the toxicology of hydrazines in, 355 from exposure to nitric acid, 359 Georgia, studies from cited, 289, 302 Germany, studies from cited, 64, 66, 81, 83-84, 91-92, 106, 113, 123, 125 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)
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From page 483...
... INDEX 483 selected epidemiologic studies, 215–216 Human health outcomes, 6 summary of findings regarding the association between exposure to fuels, combustion products, hydrazines, and nitric acid and specific health outcomes, 7–11 Humans, randomized controlled trials in, 406 Hydrazines, 348–356 chemical identity and selected physical and chemical properties of, 349–351 experimental studies, 354–356 genetic susceptibility, 356 interactions, 356 occupational studies of, 362–370 recommended exposure limits for, 352–353 toxicokinetics, 351–353 Hydrocarbons (HCs) , 120–121, 133, 135 Hydrogen sulfide from combustion, 41 respiratory diseases, from outdoor air pollution, 258 toxicity of, 45 Hypertensive heart disease, mortality from, and exposure to nitric acid, 389 I IARC.
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From page 484...
... 484 GULF WAR AND HEALTH respiratory effects, 10 Inclusion criteria for literature used, 4, 21–22 exposure assessment, and exposure-free interval for reversible effects, 21–22 identification of class or agent, 21 methodological rigor, 21 specificity of outcome, 21 support studies, 22 Increased risk in Gulf War Veterans, determining, 2–3, 15–16 India, studies from cited, 261, 263, 384 Individual susceptibility, to uncombusted fuels and combustion products, 49–50 Indoor air pollution, from combustion of fuels, 88 Indoor pollutants related to asthma, categories used to evaluate, 25 Infection, susceptibility to, from exposure to nitric acid, 359 Infertility, from exposure to fuels, 291–292 Influenza, from exposure to fuels, 245–246 Information bias in, 24–25 from death certificates, 410 Inhalation of fuels, by Gulf War personnel, 28 Inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) , 347–348 Institute of Medicine (IOM)
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From page 485...
... INDEX 485 Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group, 411 IRCCS. See International Renal-Cell Cancer Study IRFNA.
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From page 486...
... 486 GULF WAR AND HEALTH LBW. See Low birthweight Legislation, 1, 12, 18, 21 agents specified in PL 105-368 and PL 105-277, 13 diseases or illnesses not specified, 18 Leukemias, 137–140, 293–294 conclusions about, 139–140 and exposure to combustion products, 138–139 case-control studies, 138–139 cohort studies, 138 nested case-control studies, 138 selected epidemiologic studies, 220–221 and exposure to fuels, 138, 290 Limited/suggestive evidence of an association, 5, 7–8, 26, 399 cancers, 7–8, 399 conclusions from Gulf War and Health, Volumes 1 and 2, 399 neurologic effects, 399 other health effects, 399 reproductive effects, 8 respiratory effects, 8 of no association, 6, 11, 26–27, 402 conclusions from Gulf War and Health, Volumes 1 and 2, 402 Literature evaluation of, 3–4 identification of, 3–4, 18–27 peer-reviewed published, 19 Liver cancer, 78–79 conclusions about, 79 and exposure to combustion products, 78–79 case-control studies, 79 and exposure to fuels, 78 case-control studies, 78 Lombardy Cancer Registry for Varese Province, 368 Louisiana, studies from cited, 121, 128, 131, 133, 279–280, 360 Low birthweight (LBW)
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From page 487...
... INDEX 487 occupational exposure to engine exhaust, 91–93 and occupations with exposure to combustion products, 87 selected epidemiologic studies, 164–184 and exposure to fuels, 86 selected epidemiologic studies, 163–164 and exposure to nitric acid, 386–387 Lupus. See Systemic lupus erythematosus Lymphomas.
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From page 488...
... 488 GULF WAR AND HEALTH MEDLINE, 403 Melanomas. See also Malignant melanoma skin cancer; Ocular melanoma Mexico, studies from cited, 262 Michigan, studies from cited, 91, 112 Middle-distillate fuels (MDFs)
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From page 489...
... INDEX 489 selected epidemiologic studies, 221–222 Myelomas, multiple. See Multiple melanoma N Naphtha, 29 NAS.
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From page 490...
... 490 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Nervous system effects, experimental studies of the toxicology of hydrazines in, 354 Nested case-control studies in leukemias, and exposure to combustion products, 138 in multiple myeloma, and exposure to combustion products, 135 The Netherlands, studies from cited, 89-90, 92, 97, 114, 256, 280-281 The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer, 114, 256, 280–281 Neuroblastoma, and exposure to fuels, 291 Neurologic outcomes, 317–325 conclusions about, 319, 321, 323–325 and exposure to combustion products, 321–325 neurobehavioral effects, 323–324 neurologic diseases, 324–325 posttraumatic stress disorder, 322–323 and exposure to uncombusted fuels, 318–321 experimental studies in, 35–36 peripheral neuropathy, 319 neurobehavioral effects, 320-321 inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists, 10, 401 limited/suggestive evidence of an association, 399 New Caledonia, studies from cited, 91 New Jersey, studies from cited, 78, 112, 121 New York, studies from cited, 65, 73, 84, 90, 96, 102, 129, 132, 138, 257, 283, 295, 340 New Zealand, studies from cited, 127, 258, 310, 324 New Zealand Cancer Registry, 127 NHL. See Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma NHLBI, 253 NIOSH.
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From page 491...
... INDEX 491 No-observed-effect level (NOEL)
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From page 492...
... 492 GULF WAR AND HEALTH types of epidemiologic studies, 406–410 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) , 29, 351, 356 Occupational studies, 2, 14-15, 16, 87 of exposure to combustion products, 91–93 and cardiovascular disease, 282–284 and respiratory outcomes, 259–261 of exposure to engine exhaust, 91–93 estimated exposure to compounds in exhaust fumes, 92–93 general exposure to exhaust, 91–92 Gulf War Veteran study, 93 of hydrazine exposure, 362–371 cohort studies, 363–369 conclusions from, 371 cross-sectional studies, 369–370 health outcomes, 372–374 of nitric acid exposure, 371, 375-385 case-control studies, 383–384 cohort studies, 381–383 conclusions from, 385 health outcomes and exposure to nitric acid, 386–390 Occupations, with exposure to combustion products, 87 Ocular melanoma, 110–111 conclusions about, 111 and exposure to combustion products, 110 case-control studies, 110 selected epidemiologic studies, 197–198 and exposure to fuels, 110 Odds ratios (ORs)
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From page 493...
... INDEX 493 and exposure to combustion products, 67–69 case-control studies, 67–69 selected epidemiologic studies, 147–148 and exposure to fuels, 66–67 case-control studies, 67 selected epidemiologic studies, 147 ORs. See Odds ratios OSHA.
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From page 494...
... 494 GULF WAR AND HEALTH particulate matter, 42 of uncombusted fuels, 29 PL 105-368 and PL 105-277, agents specified in, 13 PM. See Particulate matter from combustion PMRs.
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From page 495...
... INDEX 495 case-control studies, 77–78 selected epidemiologic studies, 155–156 and exposure to fuels, 76–77 case-control studies, 77 cohort studies, 76–77 selected epidemiologic studies, 154–155 Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) , 348, 356, 358-360 inhibited, 14, 347–348 Relative risk, 22 Renal-cell carcinomas (RCCs)
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From page 496...
... 496 GULF WAR AND HEALTH Scientific evidence, strength of, 1–2 SCLC. See Small cell lung cancer Scud missiles debris from, 14, 347, 357, 360–362, 385 propellant components of, 7, 347 SDA.
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From page 497...
... INDEX 497 cohort studies, 73 selected epidemiologic studies, 151–152 and exposure to fuels, 72 case-control studies, 72 cohort studies, 72 selected epidemiologic studies, 150 Strength of evidence of an association, 4, 22–23 Study designs, 20 cohort or case-control studies, 20 cross-sectional studies, 20 randomized controlled trials, 20 Sulfur oxides from combustion, 41 toxicity of, 45–46 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, 81, 134-135, 137, 384 Susceptibility to infection, from exposure to nitric acid, 359 to uncombusted fuels and combustion products, individual, 49–50 Sweden, studies from cited, 63–66, 71, 73, 77, 90–92, 97–98, 113–114, 124, 128, 130-131, 137, 139, 257, 261, 310, 383 Swedish Cancer Environmental Registry, 96–97, 113–114, 116, 124, 381 Switzerland, studies from cited, 91 Systemic lupus erythematosus, experimental studies of the toxicology of hydrazines in, 355 T Tables of cancer studies related to exposure to fuels and combustion products, 144–222, 413–456 case-control studies, 425–456 cohort studies, 414–425 Taiwan, studies from cited, 91, 335 Temporal relationships, in assessing the strength of the evidence, 23 Testicular cancer.
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From page 498...
... 498 GULF WAR AND HEALTH of fuels, 29 of hydrazine, 351–353 of uncombusted fuels, 34 Toxicologic Assessment of Jet Propulsion Fuel, 8, 34 Toxicology, 16–17, 348–359 of hydrazines, 348–356 of nitric acid, 356–359 recommended exposure limits, 352–353 ToxNet, 404 Gene-Tox database, 359 Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 329 U UDMH. See Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine UK hydrazine production cohort, 367–368 Uncombusted fuels, 28–39 and combustion products, 28–59 experimental studies, 34–39 exposure limits, 29 physical and chemical properties of selected fuels, 29–31 recommended exposure limits for fuels, 32–33 toxicokinetics, 34 United Kingdom, studies from cited, 283, 289, 311, 367 United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study, 311 University Hospital of Lille, 140 Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
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From page 499...
... INDEX 499 V VA. See US Department of Veterans Affairs Vaccine safety, categories used to evaluate, 25 Validity of studies, 3, 6, 20 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, missile-propellant handlers at, 369 Vascular lesions of CNS, mortality from, and exposure to nitric acid, 389 Veteran populations, epidemiology of MCS symptoms in, 326–327 Veterans Programs Enhancement Act (PL 105-277)
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