Cooperative Research for Hazardous Materials Transportation Defining the Need, Converging on Solutions -- Special Report 283 (2005) / Chapter Skim
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4 Cooperative Research Needs
4 Cooperative Research Needs
Pages 60-95
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From page 60... ...
Hazardous materials are moved by multiple modes of transporta tion and they pose multiple risks. Actions taken to improve the safety of transporting hazardous materials can affect other kinds of risks.
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From page 61... ...
The preceding examples reveal opportunities for cooperative research, not only among federal agencies with related missions but also among carriers, shippers, packaging suppliers, and state and local agencies that have important roles in the transportation of hazardous materials. The opportunities for cooperation cut across government jurisdictional levels and the public and private sectors.
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From page 62... ...
Department of Transportation (DOT) con ducted an evaluation of its hazardous materials transportation programs.
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From page 63... ...
Review of the extent to which current requirements governing hazardous materials packaging take into account security risks. Comparison of analytic methods used for assessing safety and security risks and the prospects of using them to develop analytic models that account for both types of risk.
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From page 64... ...
Development of models to be used by states and localities to predict possible targets of hijacked tank trucks and other vehicles containing hazardous materials. Review of technologies capable of tracking the location of tank trucks and tank cars containing certain hazardous materials, in cluding possible uses of GPS and other geographic information systems for this purpose.
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From page 65... ...
in safety awareness also contain training to raise security awareness? Should evacuation planning for hazardous materials incidents cover public gathering places as well as more typ ical hazardous materials transportation routes and production and storage facilities?
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From page 66... ...
. This research could provide the basis for developing a more comprehensive approach to hazardous materials transportation regulation that addresses safety, environment, and security concerns.
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From page 67... ...
Perhaps the most straightforward was a recommendation for research to survey best practices in the sharing of information on hazardous materials shipments among industry and the public sector. Another called for a baseline examination of how SERCs and LEPCs around the country use hazardous materials traffic data for emergency response planning.
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From page 68... ...
Conse quently, many of the federal regulations governing hazardous materials transportation pertain to emergency response, especially to the commu nication of hazard information to first responders. DOT requires that shipments be accompanied by papers containing information on the quantity of the hazardous material; the material's description, hazard class, and identification number; and a 24-hour emergency telephone number of someone knowledgeable about the material.
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From page 69... ...
and major chemical suppliers have specially trained emergency response teams on call. Because they operate over fixed routes and carry large quantities of hazardous materials, railroads are more likely than trucking companies to have personnel and equipment available for emergency response.
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Among the projects detailed in Annex 4-1, one describes what would be an ongoing research activity to keep DOT's Emergency Response Guidebook technically current and in a form that meets the needs of emergency responders (Project 9)
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The nine statements are numbered and titled as follows: Data and Analysis for Policy Making and Regulation 1. Assessment of Opportunities to Integrate and Supplement Safety and Security Measures for Hazardous Materials Transportation 2.
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National Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Capability Assessment Supporting First Response 9. Transportation Emergency Response Guidelines for Hazardous Materials Project 1 TITLE Assessment of Opportunities to Integrate and Supplement Safety and Security Measures for Hazardous Materials Transportation (Two-Phase Project)
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Second Phase 6. Produce national standards formulae for rational state and local de cisions about safety and security risks related to the movement of hazardous materials.
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Is a train consisting of 100 or more tank cars of propane and caustic materials passing through a highly populated area not only safe but also secure from attack? There are few regulations specifically for hazardous materials trans portation security.
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Second Phase 4. Document hazardous materials transit patterns, movements, mar shaling, and "at rest" status.
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2. Determine the usefulness of these data in performing risk analysis for large truckinvolved crashes and for trucks involving hazardous materials versus other kinds of cargoes.
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6. Develop a recommended research program leading to a centralized database of roadway features and geometric and traffic characteristics associated with large-truck crashes that can be used for risk analysis.
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$550,000 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 24 months Project 3 TITLE Recommendations for Development of Conditional Release Probabilities for Highway and Intermodal Bulk Containers Involved in Transporta tion Accidents OBJECTIVES Provide documented recommendations on possible design and funding alternatives for a nationwide system to collect and analyze performance data of highway and intermodal bulk containers involved in transporta tion accidents, from which conditional release probabilities for various container design specifications (by transport mode) could be developed.
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From page 79... ...
and AAR, known as the RSI-AAR Railroad Tank Car Safety Research and Test Project, has collected and analyzed damage reports on tank cars that are involved in railroad accidents, whether or not the damage resulted in a leak of contents. The RSI-AAR project has resulted in conditional release probabilities for tank cars with different design specifications and features, including overall release probabilities as well as probabilities by the location of the leak (shell, head, top or bot tom fittings, or multiple locations)
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The successful implementation of the proposed reporting systems and associated data should support the identification and prioritization of risk reduction actions leading to fewer hazardous materials transportation accidents, releases, and consequences to human or environmental health.
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DELIVERABLES 1. Recommendations for definitions of critical elements (accident, damage, release, conditional release probability, etc.)
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DESCRIPTION Ground transportation of hazardous materials falls within the purview of DOT's regulations. DOT's 11 hazard classes (9 numeric and 2 worded)
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DELIVERABLES Manual providing categories for evaluating hazardous materials and their effects on sensitive receptors (with units of measure)
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The high cost of many hazardous materials spills has been due to environmental impacts. Presently, many materials are classified by DOT as hazardous in transportation only by reference to the EPA hazardous substance list or to several other lists outside DOT.
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From page 85... ...
A comprehensive basis for the quantification and ranking of the environmental hazards posed by various materials in transportation is needed. The development of such a system would provide carriers, shippers, regulators, risk analysts, and the public with an objective basis for evaluating and comparing the environmental risk posed by hazardous materials in transportation.
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DELIVERABLES Reports and software providing detailed descriptions of the form, devel opment, validation, and recommended use of the hazard classification scheme. STAKEHOLDERS · Carriers · Shippers · Regulators: EPA, DOT, state agencies · Resource managers: local officials, local industry, Bureau of Land Management, USCG, Department of Interior · Emergency preparedness planners · Independent researchers and consultants COST ESTIMATE (2004 $)
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From page 87... ...
DESCRIPTION To assess transportation risks associated with various modal movements of hazardous materials, accurate data on incident rates and release prob abilities are critical. A person performing risk assessments or making risk decisions must have answers to the following: 1.
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From page 88... ...
The data will then be available for extrapolating and evaluating the risk associated with hazardous materials transportation. Successful implementation of the reporting system and associated data should support the identification and prioritization of risk reduction actions leading to fewer hazardous materials transportation incidents, releases, and health consequences.
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From page 89... ...
STAKEHOLDERS · Shippers and associations · Carriers and associations · Terminals, warehouses, distributors, and associations · Public, LEPCs, and associations · State and federal departments including DOT, EPA, DOL, and DHS · National Transportation Safety Board · State and local governments · Risk researchers and contractors COST ESTIMATE (2004 $) $500,000 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 24 months Project 7 TITLE Detailed Information for Conducting Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Studies OBJECTIVES Provide information for state and local agencies on methods and informa tion systems that can be used to estimate hazardous materials commodity flows in their jurisdictions.
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TASKS 1. Collect and review existing hazardous materials commodity flow data from local jurisdictions around the country and examine the method ologies employed.
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From page 91... ...
DESCRIPTION Various health, safety, and environmental regulations address emergency response planning and preparations for incident management in the event of a hazardous materials release. Although legislation such as the Super fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act mandated that state and local agencies perform these tasks, few attempts have been made to identify re sponse teams, assess their competency to respond to different types of haz ardous materials emergencies, or determine how quickly a qualified unit can reach the site of an emergency within its jurisdiction and surrounding areas.
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From page 92... ...
network algorithms to determine optimal routes and cor responding travel times for units to reach spill locations within their jurisdictions. The project results will serve as a benchmark study of the current status of emergency response coverage.
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$500,000 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 24 months Project 9 TITLE Transportation Emergency Response Guidelines for Hazardous Materials OBJECTIVES Provide a consistent guideline document for use by emergency re sponders and handlers for managing transportation incidents involv ing hazardous materials. The document should (a)
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97429mvp71_106 3/22/05 3:11 PM Page 94 94 Cooperative Research for Hazardous Materials Transportation documents that cover all types of incidents and all probable types of hazardous materials releases, arranged in a hierarchical manner. This document will cover at least the following: 1.
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From page 95... ...
STAKEHOLDERS · Shippers · Carriers (rail, truck, vessel, pipeline, aviation) · Federal, state, and local regulators/compliance officers · LEPCs and public interest groups · Emergency response personnel, trainers, and trainees COST ESTIMATE (2004 $)
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