The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 62-82

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 62... ... 62 3 Cross-Cutting Issues The previous chapter described the major storage components individually and offered some general comparisons among them. This chapter discusses cross-cutting issues related to implementation of storage components, considering lessons of other large restoration projects and principles of restoration ecology (e.g., NRC, 1992, 2001b; Science Sub-Group, 1993) Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 63 patterns of development continue, development will consume 311,000 acres in the five southeastern counties between 1995 and 2020 (Burchell et al., 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities distribution in the Everglades, despite efforts to eliminate some of them. As the ridge-andslough and tree-island landscapes continue to deteriorate, Everglades landscapes become increasingly homogeneous. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 65 changes in sequencing; instead, incremental changes could add up to be significant. As noted in Chapter 2, novel storage techniques requiring long-term pilot studies make up approximately 80 percent of the new storage provided by the Restoration Plan. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities derstanding of variables and the functional form of the model) (Regan et al., 2002; SEI, 2003) Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 67 cur during the transition that would preclude successful restoration when the Restoration Plan is fully implemented. Thus, the potential is high for several unanticipated outcomes to occur as a function of various types of ecological uncertainties. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities changes, anticipated and unanticipated, in the ecosystem caused by the Restoration Plan (SEI, 2003) Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 69 each case, the plant was introduced with a desirable goal in mind, but the outcome on the Everglades ecosystem has been severe and unanticipated. Another nonnative species, the Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities Disappearance of Unique Everglades Communities Whether one considers the Everglades landscape from the level of the microscopic communities of periphyton mats or the entire assemblage of different plant and animal communities that constitute it, the term "unique" can be applied correctly. The Everglades is the only subtropical wetland within the United States. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 71 lands and ridge-and-slough topography has been the focus of reports by both the Science Coordination Team (SCT, 2003) and the National Research Council (2003c) Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities changes in system metabolism are reflected in higher concentrations of total and biologically available phosphorus in the detrital layer and shallow soils of phosphorus-enriched than of unenriched areas of the Everglades (Reddy et al., 1999; Childers et al., 2003) Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 73 Hence, preventing expansion of the areas where the system already has become eutrophic should be a high priority for the restoration. Mercury Deposition, Mobilization, and Bioaccumulation Processes occurring outside the system can change the Greater Everglades Ecosystem. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities Several kinds of bacteria can methylate mercury. In wetland sediments, sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio spp. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 75 Regional Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise Climate change always has occurred and always will. The most important regional climatic factors subject to change are precipitation patterns (quantity, timing) Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 76 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities Restoration Plan, and the consequences of unanticipated outcomes, it is important to think through questions of this nature and develop appropriate contingency plans. Clearly not all possible outcomes can be anticipated, which is underscored by using the word "surprise" to characterize some unanticipated outcomes. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 77 vasive species; the nutrient concentrations required to promote the growth of sawgrass instead of cattails; and so on. We are concerned that the Restoration Plan may not be sufficiently flexible, because anticipated outcomes are based on the fully implemented system, and the extent to which outcomes of individual projects can lead to changes in the design of later projects is unclear. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 78 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities systems allow for the provision of services unrelated to ecosystem functioning, such as drinking water, flood control, and recreation, and ecosystems can respond more quickly to changes in engineered systems than to many natural processes. In addition, many aquatic ecosystems to be restored already have many control structures in place, such as dams, levees, and pumps. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 79 ing with this issue in some detail, and suggest considerations that enter into evaluating options on that basis. In discussing options for interventions to enhance the wild salmon runs of the Pacific Northwest, an earlier NRC committee (NRC, 1996) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... 80 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities effective opportunities exist. It might be necessary to use the technologies and techniques suggested in the preceding paragraph to maintain the essential ecosystem components in the short term, but the ultimate goal is to modify (i.e., rehabilitate) Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... Cross-Cutting Issues 81 an opportunity for modifications that could restore more natural flows and water levels in parts of the system. Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, for example, caused substantial changes in water flows and sediment transport downstream of the dam in Grand Canyon (Carothers and Brown, 1991) Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... 82 Re-Engineering Water Storage in the Everglades: Risks and Opportunities This is in contrast to the planned construction of wells, pumping stations, seepage barriers, and advanced wastewater treatment characteristic of many other aspects of the greater Everglades restoration effort. That effort is described in some detail at http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/dp/ Kissimmee/Kissimmee2.html. Read the entire page →

From page 62...

... 62 3 Cross-Cutting Issues The previous chapter described the major storage components individually and offered some general comparisons among them. This chapter discusses cross-cutting issues related to implementation of storage components, considering lessons of other large restoration projects and principles of restoration ecology (e.g., NRC, 1992, 2001b; Science Sub-Group, 1993)