Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilities (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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3Gordon England, Secretary of the Navy; ADM Vern Clark, USN, Chief of Naval Operations; and Gen James L Jones, USMC, Commandant of the Marine Corps.
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Using Sea Power 21 as an operational framework and taking into account new missions, such as the provision of a joint task force afloat headquarters or ocean surveillance for homeland security, the Committee on the Navy's Needs in Space for Providing Future Capabilities estimated the extent of the dependency of the Naval Services on space systems -- specifically on capabilities provided by National Security Space (NSS) mission areas; the committee's estimate is summarized in Figure ES.1.
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A "contributory" dependency reflects a space mission area that will provide support for accomplishing the particular Sea Power 21 capability. and directs the Services to assist the DOD Executive Agent for Space in developing capabilities and priorities to meet their needs.9 The DOD Executive Agent for Space is specifically tasked to collect input from the relevant Service and intelligence communities in order to coordinate, 9In addition to establishing the DOD Executive Agent for Space, the Secretary of Defense also recently disestablished the U.S.
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commercial imagery for Space, NRO, NGA Electronic intelligence NRO systems Yes DOD Executive Agent (ELINT) for Space/NRO Navigation GPS Yes Air Force Timing GPS Yes Air Force/Navy Meteorology and GOES, POES, NPOESS Yes NOAA oceanography Ground moving target SBR No Air Force indication Airborne moving None No None designated target indication Boost-phase missile SBIRS-H No MDA defense Midcourse missile SBIRS-L No MDA defense Space-based IP TCA No DOD Executive Agent networks (GIG)
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Thus, a more active role should be assumed by the Navy and Marine Corps, through multiple interfaces with the executive agents, to ensure that naval space support needs are met and to take advantage of opportunities offered by the large funding outlays now being made. In 2002 the Panel to Review Naval Space recommended several steps toward such an active role.10 The present committee reviewed progress on these recom 10Panel to Review Naval Space.
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MEETING NAVAL FORCE SPACE NEEDS Establish a New Department of the Navy Space Policy The Department of the Navy should first move to fulfill the responsibilities assigned to it by the DOD in Directive 5101.2, that is, to assist the DOD Executive Agent for Space in developing maritime space capabilities. The committee's perception is that not much has been done by the Navy Department toward compliance with this directive.
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This space policy should provide a framework for Department of the Navy participation in the planning, programming, and acquisition activities of the Department of Defense Executive Agent for Space, and include definition of the Navy Department's relationship to National Security Space activities. A primary objective of the Department of the Navy space policy should be to focus attention on space mission areas critical to the successful implementation of Naval Power 21 as well as on other national maritime responsibilities such as homeland defense.
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Operational analysis is central to the process of integrating needs across Sea Power 21 capability areas and National Security Space mission areas. The results of this analysis should be articulated for purposes of prioritization to the appropriate organizations -- those with responsibility for requirements, acquisition, science and technology, and experimentation.
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Recommendation 3. The Secretary of the Navy should ensure that the naval forces are adequately staffed and supported to influence National Security Space programs that have the potential to meet important naval space needs.
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; rather, funding from non-naval organizations has allowed NCST to maintain a critical mass of personnel, facilities, and technical credibility to support the development of a number of capabilities useful to the Navy.21 NCST staff described to the committee several proposals to develop novel maritime space capabilities (for direct user tasking, emerging wideband communications to disadvantaged naval platforms, and improved radio-frequency emitter tracking) 17Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization.
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The Chief of Naval Research (CNR) should maintain a critical level of space mission area funding aimed at supporting current maritime needs as well as at providing broad support to base-level technologies with the potential to support National Security Space programs, such as the Transformational Communications Architecture and Space Based Radar programs.
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, and for issues related to space and network-centric operations Sea Trial is also guided by the Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) .26 In addition, Sea Trial is coordinated with the Joint Forces Command experimentation process, which is exploring the best uses of space-based intelligence capabilities for all of the Services.
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Strengthen the Naval Space Cadre The current naval space cadre represents an excellent pool of uniformed Navy and Marine Corps officers and civilians, trained and experienced with existing space systems and with the use of these systems' products in tactical applications. However, recent downturns in Navy-funded space projects and a shift in space mission area responsibilities to the DOD Executive Agent for Space (and thus to the Under Secretary of the Air Force)
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.27 The recently established Marine Corps space cadre is still developing, and its influence in Marine Corps space planning and programming is being established. The underpinning for a knowledgeable space cadre starts with advanced education, such as that provided through the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS)
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Executive Agent for Space. The Department of the Navy should also work to transition the results of these efforts into planned and ongoing National Security Space programs.
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Theater and 4.8 The Navy should continue its aggressive support of the E-2C Ballistic Missile aircraft Radar Modernization program so that a fleetwide Defense capability can be achieved as soon as feasible. 4.9 The Department of the Navy should begin operational analysis of the cost, benefits, and requirements of a cruise and ballistic missile defense system based on a multimode missile and an airborne moving target indication (AMTI)
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The Navy should also determine its core warfighting communications capability needs and should specify robust protection for these minimum capabilities to ensure adequate communications capabilities in the event of a total loss of access to commercial systems. 4.18 The Department of the Navy should increase its personnel assignments to support the Transformational Communications Architecture program.
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research, development, and acquisition efforts; · Ensure opportunities for positions of responsibility in all NSS activities and space mission areas; · Review the function of fleet and operational staff billets and assign space codes to billets as appropriate; and · Reexamine the Navy's support of and quotas for the Naval Postgraduate School space systems programs in light of expanded naval involvement in NSS activities. Take Technical and Programmatic Steps to Leverage National Security Space Mission Areas In addition to reassessing large-scale naval involvement in and support of space activities, the Department of the Navy will also need to improve its approach to leveraging the unique opportunities present in each of the NSS mission areas.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19 dations resulting from the detailed discussion of Navy space support presented in Chapter 4, "Implementation: Navy Support to Space Mission Areas." The recommendations listed in the table are aimed at encouraging the Department of the Navy to participate in and support each of these mission areas, taking advantage of the unique opportunities and challenges associated with each of these mission areas and advocating technical and programmatic means to ensure that these NSS areas support naval needs.
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