Mathematics and 21st Century Biology (2005) / Chapter Skim
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2 Historical Successes
2 Historical Successes
Pages 29-37
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From page 29... ...
It is equally interesting to consider how biological data led Fisher to revolutionize the field of statistics. He joined the Rothamsted Experimental Station to apply statistical methods to the mass of data that had been 29
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From page 30... ...
Fisher had a significant impact on both biology and mathematical statistics, and his contributions affected the theory and practice of both. INFERENCE OF GENE FUNCTION BY HOMOLOGY In the modern world of biology, where sequences of entire genomes are available and the number of such sequences is growing rapidly, one sees the enormous importance of mathematical and computer science methods in advancing biological knowledge.
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From page 31... ...
produced the First Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure. Among other things, the atlas allowed her to analyze the substitutions observed in closely related proteins and obtain an empirically derived estimate for the rate of substitution of one amino acid for any other.
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From page 32... ...
made the program available over the newly arrived Internet, biologists around the world suddenly had access to sophisticated database searches to compare their own sequences with the known sequences. Just as the largescale genome sequencing projects were being contemplated, but before they had truly begun in earnest, this critical piece of software had been developed that would greatly expedite the projects.
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From page 33... ...
It is now routine to think about genetic variation in terms of the size and shape of gene trees that relate sampled sequences. It is also routine to simulate samples under many models using efficient algorithms based on the coalescent approach.
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From page 34... ...
The importance of the mathematical sciences to biomedical imaging was emphasized in the 1996 National Research Council report Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging: While exponential improvements in computing power have contributed to the development of today's biomedical imaging capabilities, comput ing power alone does not account for the dramatic expansion of the field, nor will future improvements in computer hardware be a sufficient springboard to enable the development of the biomedical imaging tools described in this report. That development will require continued re search in physics and the mathematical sciences, fields that have contrib uted greatly to biomedical imaging and will continue to do so.
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From page 35... ...
and others introduced filtered back projection, it was possible to substantially improve both image quality and reconstruction time, and CT scans became much more practical. For the purposes of this chapter, it is worth highlighting a very specific mathematical contribution and discussing its ramifications in the context of computational biology more broadly.
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From page 36... ...
1968. Theoretical reconstruction of field potentials and dendrodentritic synapse interactions in olfactory bulb.
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From page 37... ...
HISTORICAL SUCCESSES 37 Yates, F., and K Mather.
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