Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-14
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, for example, combat foot soldiers carry loads in excess of 50 kg for three to seven days during missions that often last for about a month under weather conditions that vary from cold, mountainous to humid, tropical climates; rest between missions may be as short as two to three days. An individual's physiological and nutritional status can markedly affect one's ability to maximize performance in sustained high-stress operations and may compromise mission effectiveness.
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The Department of Defense asked the IOM to appoint a committee to guide the design of the nutritional composition of the ration for SUSOPS. Although the focus of this report is soldiers, the recommendations may be applicable to physically fit nonmilitary personnel under similar conditions of high-stress, intense physical activity, especially those experiencing negative energy balance for the repeated, short periods of time outlined here.
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established by the IOM for active young men as the starting point for nutrient content in formulating the assault ration because these values are the most authoritative, up-todate standards available. Further adjustments were then made to meet the unique needs of soldiers involved in assault conditions.
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be maximized so as to minimize the energy debt, or is there a more optimal "mix" of macronutrients and micronutrients, not necessarily producing maximal energy density? The committee recommends that the basic ration's energy content be approximately 2,400 kcal/day.
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3. What are the types and levels of macronutrients (e.g., complex versus simple carbohydrates, proteins with specific amino acid profiles, type of fat, etc.)
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for thiamin, the committee considered the importance of energy expenditure when setting the recommendations, while for vitamin B6, negative energy balance and the loss of protein were considered; (2) for vitamin C, the committee added 35 mg to the RDA to account for the needs of smokers; and (3)
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Preferable to add sources of protein with low-sulfur amino acids and low oxalate levels to minimize risk of kidney stone formation. Carbohydrate 350 g Additional 100 g should be supplemented as carbohydrate 100 g as a in form of candy, gels, or powder to add to fluids, supplement or all three.
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The amount added to the ration should not be over 35 mg. Vitamin B6 2.73.9 mg Dependent on negative energy balance and loss of lean tissue.
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2Whole foods = food items prepared to preserve natural nutritive value.
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Other Bioactive Substances The committee reviewed the effects of several bioactive substances other than nutrients because of their potential benefits in physical or cognitive performance. Caffeine is the only component for which there are compelling data showing effectiveness for combat soldiers; therefore, only caffeine received the endorsement of the committee.
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FOOD MATRIX CONSIDERATIONS Food rations that provide complete nutritional needs for short-term, highintensity military operations present a unique challenge to the product developer and nutritionist. Although the nutrient composition recommended by the committee (see Table ES-1)
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(3) What are the potential benefits and risks of taking bioactives to enhance performance?
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13 The committee finds that the USARIEM and the CFD, RDECOM, NSC should continue to follow the existing systematic approach to ration development for combat missions. The approach should incorporate early in the design process issues of palatability and food preferences of end users.
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