Animal Health at the Crossroads Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases (2005) / Chapter Skim
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in disease prevention and early detection and to recruit veterinary students into careers in public health, food systems, biomedical research, diagnostic laboratory investigation, pathology, epidemiology, ecosystem health, and food-animal practice. The United States must address the importation and health of exotic and wild-caught animals and commit itself to shared leadership roles with other countries and international organizations that address animal disease agents.
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Among other things, animal diseases critically affect the adequacy of the food supply for a growing world population, and they have huge implications for global trade and commerce. Moreover, many animal disease agents are zoonotic -- meaning that they are transmittable to humans -- so they have dramatic implications for human health and safety, and for animal disease prevention.
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This new influenza strain was transmitted from birds to people, raising concern that it might be capable of evolving into the next pandemic influenza strain. · In 1999, West Nile virus (WNV)
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identify key opportunities and barriers to successfully preventing and controlling animal diseases; and (3) identify immediate courses of action for those on the front lines.
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framework as a whole in relation to different animal disease scenarios. In doing so, it sought to identify ways to improve the framework.
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In a retrospective analysis of numerous specific animal disease situations, the committee examined the collective capabilities and limitations of the framework with respect to its effectiveness in the prevention, detection, and diagnosis of animal diseases. Several weaknesses, needs, and gaps were consistently encountered in the framework's response to a broad spectrum of disease types including exotic Newcastle disease (END)
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· The past success of international collaboration in responding to animal disease demonstrates its importance in addressing animal diseases. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING THE ANIMAL HEALTH FRAMEWORK Reflecting on the structure of the framework and based on the findings of its analysis of past animal health events, the committee offers the following 11 recommendations as potential opportunities for strengthening the framework's capabilities in the prevention, detection, and diagnosis of animal diseases.
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-- responsible for protecting animal industries, wildlife, and associated economies should encourage and support rapid development, validation, and adoption of new technologies and scientific tools for the detection, diagnosis, and prevention of animal diseases and zoonoses. The current animal health framework has been slow to evaluate, validate, and implement new scientific tools and technologies that could significantly enhance animal disease prevention, detection, and diagnostic capabilities for the United States.
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Laboratory diagnosis of animal diseases in the United States involves federal, state, university, and commercial entities. The committee focused its assessment on the condition of publicly funded laboratories and the current operational status of national laboratory networks.
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Recommendation 5: To strengthen the animal health and zoonotic disease research infrastructure, the committee recommends that competitive grants be made available to scientists to upgrade equipment for animal disease research and that the nation construct and maintain government and university biosafety level 3 (BSL-3 and BSL-3 Ag) 1 facilities for livestock (including large animals)
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system and approach for dealing with animal diseases," and the committee regards the international dimension as an extremely critical component of the U.S. animal health framework.
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Considering that the emergence of new disease agents occurs most frequently at species interfaces, monkeypox is not likely to be the last zoonotic agent to emerge from an exotic animal in the United States. Addressing Future Animal Disease Risks Recommendation 8: The USDA, DHS, Department of Health and Human Services, and state animal and public health agencies and laboratories should improve, expand, and formalize the use of predictive, riskbased tools and models to develop prevention, detection, diagnostic, and biosecurity systems and strategies for indigenous, exotic, and emerging animal diseases.
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In addition, veterinary graduates are not adequately prepared to deal with foreign animal diseases, public health, and ecosystem health,without further postgraduate studies. According to the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC)
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Improving Public Awareness of the Economic, Social, and Human Health Effects of Animal Diseases Recommendation 11: The government, private sector, and professional and industry associations should collectively educate and raise the level of awareness of the general public about the importance of public and private investment to strengthen the animal health framework.
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. Producers, companion animal owners, and others on the front line have a direct personal and private interest in detecting, diagnosing, and preventing animal diseases to avoid losses associated with reduced productivity, animal mortality, or potential effects on personal health and welfare.
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