Animal Health at the Crossroads Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases (2005) / Chapter Skim
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5 Recommendations for Strengthening the Animal Health Framework
5 Recommendations for Strengthening the Animal Health Framework
Pages 133-152
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From page 133... ...
It is also a reminder that veterinary medicine is one of the health professions and, as such, is committed by oath to the improvement of public health. It has been asserted that 11 of the last 12 significant human epidemics have been due to zoonotic pathogens (Torrey and Yolken, 2005)
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From page 134... ...
Another example of an organization that has some of the properties and function that a central coordinating body should have is the Southeast Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) , a state-federal cooperative agency whose resources are supported and shared by the wildlife agencies of 15 states and Puerto Rico, the U.S.
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From page 135... ...
are fully integrated into the system of animal health communication and of disease prevention and detection. As was demonstrated during the exotic Newcastle disease outbreak, private industry, local and regional resources, and a willingness to capitalize on expertise located outside the centralized federal animal health system allowed a cost-effective and reliable assay to be rapidly developed, validated, and implemented for disease detection and control.
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From page 136... ...
nificantly enhance animal disease prevention, detection, and diagnostic capabilities for the United States. Despite a recent surge in activity related to post-September 11 homeland security efforts and associated focused funding, the active review and implementation of advancing technologies is inadequate to protect and enhance the health of the country's animal populations and related economies.
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From page 137... ...
in the prevention, detection, and diagnoses of animal disease. Successful preparedness in the event of a foreign animal disease out break, intentional or nonintentional, can help eradicate disease and mini mize adverse market reaction and economic impact.
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From page 138... ...
There needs to be an independent process to plan, undertake, and evaluate proficiency testing for all laboratories involved in diagnosis and detection of animal diseases, including USDA, HHS, state, and other national laboratories. All network laboratories must meet standards for accreditation, verified by outside, independent review.
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From page 139... ...
The 20022003 exotic Newcastle disease outbreak in California and neighboring states clearly showed the advantage of having high containment facilities at animal laboratories for tissue sampling and laboratory workup close to the outbreak location. A fourth critical element of a strengthened laboratory infrastructure in the United States is expansion of BSL-3 laboratory and necropsy space in animal disease diagnostic laboratories for detection and diagnosis of agents requiring enhanced biological safety.
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From page 140... ...
These efforts will improve the overall chance of detecting a foreign animal disease through a broader accession base and increased interest at the farm level, in the wild, and in companion animals. Inherent in this new strategy of enhanced prevention and early detection is a means of funding routine diagnostic testing for indigenous diseases that mimic foreign or exotic animal diseases.
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From page 141... ...
These researchers found that lymphoid tissue in the third eyelid of sheep collects prions, the unique protein that causes scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, and other related diseases. They also designed a new antibody to identify prions in a sample of eyelid tissue (O'Rourke et al., 1998, 2000)
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From page 142... ...
The advantages of an incentive program would be to incorporate more researchers into the overall strategy to address and control animal diseases and to work and collaborate with other countries on issues of common concern. A disadvantage can arise if a federally funded program cannot exert sufficient control in the appropriate time period to obtain the needed results.
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From page 143... ...
are needed not only for basic animal disease research, but also for development and evaluation of vaccines and diagnostics for exotic, newly emerging, or highly contagious disease threats. Such facilities will also provide the necessary regional surge capacity for sample and tissue collection and testing from suspect infected animals needed for evaluation of sick or subclinical cases from multiple disease outbreaks.
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From page 144... ...
By helping to strengthen other countries' approaches to preventing, detecting, and diagnosing animal diseases, the United States has an opportunity to enhance its own animal health framework. Means to accomplish this include exchange of technology between nations where feasible, and providing training opportunities to international students and veterinarians to ensure self-sufficiency and sustainable surveillance.
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From page 145... ...
have roles in preventing, detecting, and diagnosing zoonotic and other animal diseases transmitted by exotic animals, there is a lack of coordinated federal oversight of the animal-centered aspects of diseases transmitted by exotic animals. Considering that the emergence of new disease agents occurs most frequently at species interfaces, monkeypox most likely will not be the last zoonotic microbial agent to emerge from an exotic animal in the United States.
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From page 146... ...
Animal health authorities worldwide face a collective challenge in developing risk-based tools and practices that are consistent with their obligations under the SPS Agreement. Threats from bioterrorism, emerging diseases, and exotic animal disease introductions create an urgent dimension to preventing or minimizing catastrophic consequences to the United States and global economies.
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From page 147... ...
Good communication and information to stakeholders, including producers and the public, are important aspects of an infrastructure that supports risk-based approaches. EDUCATION AND TRAINING Recommendation 9: Industry, producers, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
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From page 148... ...
Undergraduate and graduate curricula developed by colleges of veterinary medicine and continuing veterinary education for private practitioners and public (government) service veterinarians must put more emphasis on the contemporary issues in infectious disease epidemiology, risk analysis and management, public health, foreign and emerging diseases, zoonoses, wildlife diseases, bioterrorism, and food safety.
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From page 149... ...
In addition, those with day-to-day oversight of animals need to understand the methods and responsibilities for reporting and the signs of exotic animal diseases. Basic multilingual education and training, with awareness and recognition of biosecurity and implications for breaches in biosecurity, are necessary for those with such direct oversight of animals, whereas managers and owners need more indepth education to promote greater depth and breadth of understanding of transmission and prevention.
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From page 150... ...
Similar scenarios have played out with other animal health issues, notably FMD and chronic wasting disease. Therefore, improved information to the public is a critical component of ensuring appropriate levels of public investment in detection, diagnosis, and prevention activities.
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From page 151... ...
The evidence discussed in this report provides compelling support for both fundamental changes in the framework related to prevention, detection, and diagnosis of animal diseases and for the urgency in making these changes. The dynamics and realities of today's world require longterm planning and decision making that is well integrated among stakeholders, including international experts and partners.
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From page 152... ...
152 ANIMAL HEALTH AT THE CROSSROADS committee is calling for regulatory and oversight agencies to break with the past and engage themselves in this expanded, interdependent role. This will require a large and formal shift away from the introspective mentality of many stakeholder groups and toward a multilateral, open, and transparent operational environment.
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