Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies (2005) / Chapter Skim
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2 Federal Datasets on Food and Nutrition
2 Federal Datasets on Food and Nutrition
Pages 26-52
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From page 26... ...
Table 2-1 summarizes the design and lists the content relevant to food and nutrition policy and research of these three surveys and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey that was included in two rounds of the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. The periodic Health and Diet Survey discussed in Chapter 1 also provides information on adults' health-related knowledge and attitudes.
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From page 27... ...
To protect confidentiality of respondents, not all variables are included in the public-use microdata files. The sampling process is stratified and multistage: counties or groups of contiguous small counties are designated as primary sampling units (PSUs)
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From page 28... ...
people Oversampling of blacks, Mexican-Americans, low-income people not black or Mexican (beginning in 2000) , people aged 12-19 or aged 60 and over, pregnant women Major Household screeners; Family Household interview; Questionnaire questionnaire; Sample person First-day in-person dietary Components questionnaire; MEC audio recall; Second-day in-person computer-assisted self interview; dietary recall MEC computer-assisted personal interview; MEC dietary recall; MEC examination; MEC laboratory analysis
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From page 29... ...
; Behavior questions; Real assets; Financial assets; Food safety questions Last 12-months' income; Taxes Diary Survey: Demographic characteristics; Work experience; Income; Taxes; First week diary; Second week diary continued
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From page 30... ...
Food Household and sampled person Household food stamp Assistance food stamp and WIC participation participation in last 12 months, Program in last 12 months, number months value of food stamps, when last Participation receiving food stamps and WIC; received, members eligible now; amount food stamps received by each members' WIC household last month; sampled participation and how long; person participation in school school-age childrens' school breakfast and lunch (usual times breakfast and lunch per week) , Meals on Wheels in participation; younger past 12 months, and summer childrens' child care feeding program meals participation
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From page 31... ...
; Income by source, prior 12 months (2nd and 5th interviews) Diary Survey: Members aged 14 and over: Earnings and retirement benefits Household: Other income by source, prior 12 months Obtained from main CSFII Household Survey: Benefits from food stamps (and months received)
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From page 32... ...
; who in household does planning, shopping, and preparing meals; how often shop and type of store Food 18-item household food security Food sufficiency indicator Security scale module; individual-level questions for children, adolescents, and adults
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From page 33... ...
; From the diary: Price of each purchase of food away from home, categorized by fast food-type outlets, full-service meals, vending machines, employer and school cafeterias, catered affairs; price of each item purchased for consumption at home, categorized by grain products, bakery products, beef, pork, poultry, other meats, fish and seafood, fats and dressings, eggs and dairy products, fruits and juices, sugars, vegetables, other food items, nonalcoholic drinks, alcoholic drinks Obtained from main CSFII Where food obtained (see "Food Expenditures" above) Obtained from main CSFII None continued
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From page 34... ...
; past 30 days, dosage, length of use) ; special diet medications; water intake; salt use; special diet; milk consumption history; frequency of consumption of milk, green leafy vegetables, legumes, fish, shellfish; comprehensive food frequency questionnaire
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From page 35... ...
FEDERAL DATASETS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION 35 DHKS CE Obtained from main CSFII None Obtained from main CSFII None continued
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From page 36... ...
With regard to food consumption, respondents are asked to complete a 24-hour dietary recall for two nonsuccessive days; the first recall is conducted in person at the MEC and the second by telephone. Prior to 2002, the dietary recall covered only one 24-hour period, except that NHANES III (1988-1994)
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From page 37... ...
households that are food insecure and the percentage that experience food insecurity with hunger.1 1NHANES includes the 18 questions that are used to form the food insecurity scale, but not the additional questions on food expenditures and ways of coping with not having enough food that are part of the CPS supplement (see National Research Council, 2005b: Box 2-1; App.
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From page 38... ...
Information on participation in food assistance programs and food sufficiency was also collected. Data from the CSFII were used by the USDA to develop the thrifty food plan and the first food guide pyramid and to conduct risk assessment analyses for food safety issues.
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From page 39... ...
They have also been used to analyze the effects of food labeling practices and policies on consumption. Expenditure information has been used to relate food expenditures to food consumption patterns across different population groups and for those who participate in food assistance pro 2Plans are under way to add questions on these topics to NHANES -- see "ERS Supplement Initiative" below.
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From page 40... ...
These analyses require information on the resources available to families -- that is, income and asset levels and time resources. Analyses of food assistance and other public assistance programs also require information on income and assets to determine program eligibility, as well as information on the benefits households receive from these programs.
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From page 41... ...
Another problem that may affect the dietary intake data is that the number of recalls is not evenly spread over the days of the week. Depending on when they had their first interview, respondents are randomly assigned to a day of the week to visit the MEC, where they are asked to tell interviewers about their food consumption for the previous 24 hours.
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From page 42... ...
already has under way to enhance the information on diet and nutrition in NHANES and then discuss five other possible enhancements: special supplements for subsamples, links to food assistance program records, links to geographic information on food outlets, links to neighborhood characteristics, and links to price information. Some of these enhancements pose concerns of confidentiality protection and data access, which we briefly address at the end of the section.
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From page 43... ...
This approach would be a means to obtain more detailed information on selected topics while not increasing the respondent burden. For example, a subsample could be asked to provide more detailed information on income, assets, food expenditures, food purchasing practices, and participation in food assistance programs.
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From page 44... ...
These data have been used to study many aspects of the Food Stamp Program and other major food assistance programs, such as WIC and school feeding programs (see Hamilton and Rossi, 2002; Logan, Fox, and Lin, 2002; Fox, Hamilton, and Lin, 2004a, 2004b)
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From page 45... ...
Although NHANES collects Social Security numbers from sample members, consent has never been sought to use the numbers for record linkage. Until such consent is sought, linking Food Stamp Program records to NHANES records would require probabilistic rather than exact matching, by using such variables as name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, and, possibly, household income.
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From page 46... ...
Links to Neighborhood Characteristics In addition to adding information about nearby food shopping and eating establishments for households in the NHANES sample, it would be
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From page 47... ...
, it would be useful to consider incorporating some 2000 census neighborhood characteristics into NHANES. Links to Price Information Ideally, NHANES would provide information not only on food expenditures, but also on prices for specific types of foods for households included in the NHANES sample.
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From page 48... ...
It would be a very low-cost enhancement to the data. Another possible avenue to explore for adding food price information to NHANES involves sales outlet and household scanner data collected by private market research firms.
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From page 49... ...
. Confidentiality and Data Access Many of the enhancements to NHANES that we outline in this section represent low-cost improvements for research on understanding household food expenditures and consumption by linking NHANES records with other data sources.
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From page 50... ...
Food-related items in the diary survey include usual weekly expenditures at supermarkets and specialty food stores together with detailed information on food purchases in each 1-week diary. The diary provides space for food purchases away from home by type of outlet and meal (for example, breakfast or lunch from a fast food outlet, vending machine, or full-service restaurant)
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From page 51... ...
This survey also collects information on housing characteristics, household appliances, ownership of real estate, work experience of household members, sources and amounts of household income, and information on financial assets, such as savings accounts, stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The household interview survey includes questions to double-check food purchases reported in the diary portion of the survey, including questions about food purchased away from home.
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From page 52... ...
For example, reporting of Food Stamp Program participation could be validated and enhanced by matching CE records with the programs' administrative records. Neighborhood characteristics from the 2000 census and the American Community Survey could be added to the CE records, as could links to geographically based information on retail food outlets.
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