Biographical Memoirs Volume 86 (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Frank Alden Bovey
Frank Alden Bovey
Pages 36-59
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From page 36... ...
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From page 37... ...
SCHILLING AND ALAN E TONELLI THE NAME OF Frank Alden Bovey will always be associated with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of polymers.
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SCHILLING) Frank Alden Bovey was born on June 4, 1918, in Minneapolis.
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However, when the hot summer months arrived, the Bovey families all moved out to Lake Minnetonka, where his father, uncles, and grandfather commuted to work by streetcar, following the custom of the wealthy and influential families of Boston and New York.l The family of John Bovey suffered financial misfortunes common to many in the 1920s and 1930s. The lumber firm was lost in bankruptcy.
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Upon graduation Frank joined the research group at the 3M company. During his years at 3M and later at Bell Laboratories, he enjoyed phenomenal success in his research endeavors and was always a leader in the field of polymer science.
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For more than 20 years Frank Bovey was my mentor, teacher, colleague, and friend. He taught me a great deal not only about polymer chemistry and NMR spectroscopy but also, by example, about the patience and determination required of a successful scientist.
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Synthetic Rubber Program (USSRP) with developing a general purpose synthetic rubber to replace natural rubber from Southeast Asia, which came underJapanese control at the beginning of Word War II.
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At 3M Frank Bovey successfully employed IH-NMR techniques to characterize the motions, configurations, and polymerizations of synthetic polymers. Most notable were his studies of the stereosequences of vinyl polymers and introduction of the m (meso)
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Frank noted that the regular and irregular attachment of vinyl polymer side-chains in isotactic and atactic vinyl polymers leads to strong crystalline and weak amorphous materials, respectively. He then displayed color slides of two well-known women: Twiggy, the very slender, almost emaciated, boyish British model and pop-culture icon of that period, and Raquel Welch, the voluptuous American model and movie actress.
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Upon completion of my Ph.D in 1968 1 eagerly accepted a position in the Polymer Chemistry Research Department at Bell Laboratories, which was headed by Frank Bovey. Thus began my fortunate 23-year association with Frank Bovey.
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The underlying reason for his success lay in Frank's twofold expertise in NMR spectroscopy and in polymer science, which is apparent when reading his books and which makes them both very relevant and readily understandable to researchers studying synthetic and biological macromolecules. During his tenure of more than 30 years at Bell Laboratories, Frank Bovey conducted significant research into synthetic and biological polymers employing NMR spectroscopy, but he also conducted important studies using ORD, CD, fluorescence, and electronic spectroscopies.
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From page 47... ...
These NMR studies were clearly the precursors of the currently used approach for determining the solution conformations of native proteins by searching their conformational spaces under the constraints provided by multifaceted NMR observations. Frank Bovey also pioneered the use of multidimensional NMR observations to determine the conformations of flexible polymers in solution.
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From page 48... ...
in vinyl polymers formed in a random manner during polymerization to yield Pm and Pr = 1 - Pm fractional m and r died populations. This was a major breakthrough, because now NMR could provide a quantitative measure of stereosequence populations in vinyl polymers and could distinguish between polymers produced by polymerization mechanisms that were random (Bernoullian)
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, where, for example, nearly all 36 possible heptad stereosequences (seven consecutive repeat units) are observed~3 in the methyl carbon region of the spectrum for atactic-PP (a-PP)
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, the calculated 13c chemical shifts faithfully reproduced the methyl carbon region of the 13C-NMR spectra of a-PP and its heptad stereosequence model compounds. This was made possible only after the development of an appropriate description of the conformational characteristics of pus 21 Though Frank Bovey had previously suspected that the conformationally sensitive Y-gauche shielding effect was the
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Within a few years of this development Frank Bovey and his colleagues at Bell Laboratories were applying the solid-state 13C-N\iR technique to a wide variety of solid homopolymers, copolymers, polymer blends, and guest polymers included in noncovalent clathrate compounds formed with small-molecule hosts.23 Frank continued these studies until his retirement in 1993. His high-resolution solid-state NMR studies of polymers were not limited to 13C-N\IR but also included observation of the OF, 29Si, and 31P nuclei, as well.
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From page 52... ...
This demonstrated that the fold surfaces of TPBD crystals were not involved in the Form I ~ Form 11 crystal ~ crystal transition. Rather it is the TPBD chains in the crystalline interiors alone, which undergo transition from a rigid single conformation to a collection of mobile conformations at~65°C.
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Finally, Frank Bovey also used NMR to study compatible polymer blends. Mirau and Bovey25 employed concentrated solutions of polymer mixtures and/or bulk, molten polymer mixtures to obtain resolution sufficient to perform ~HNMR studies.
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Frank Bovey's scientific legacy was, and remains, the influence he exerted, and still commands, on generations of polymer scientists through illustration of the methods and utilities of NMR spectroscopy as applied to polymers to understand in detail their microstructures, conformations, mobilities, and organization. He accomplished this by example during his long career in research, and more for
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NOTES 1. Many details of the Bovey family history are from the unpublished memoirs of Ruth Alden Bovey, first cousin to Frank Alden Bovey.
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Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of polymers spinning at the magic angle.
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:479. 1962 Polymer NMR spectroscopy.
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Magic angle spinning carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of three crystalline forms of isotactic poly(1-butene)
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Traveling defects in 1,4-transpolybutadiene as an inclusion complex in perhydrotriphenylene canals and a comparison with molecular motions in the crystalline solid state. Macromolecules 22:3318.
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