Linkages Manufacturing Trends in Electronic Interconnection Technology (2005) / Chapter Skim
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3 Military Needs for Printed Circuit Technology
3 Military Needs for Printed Circuit Technology
Pages 24-42
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From page 24... ...
Printed circuit boards are fundamental to the operation of military navigation, guidance and control, electronic warfare, missiles, and surveillance and communications equipment. High-density, highly ruggedized, highly reliable interconnection technology is essential to the implementation of much of this country's superior weaponry.
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2. Demands on Technology Printed circuit technology as designed for military applications tends to be highly specialized, primarily because of the special functions and packaging requirements for DoD weapons systems.
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BFLs are constructed of matched pairs, some of which are among the largest printed circuit boards made. Unfortunately, the original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
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In short, defense requirements exceed commercial design standards in almost every category. Demands on Supply Chains The challenge to the military supply chain to ensure supply is further complicated because it must not only provide for current military needs, but it must also prepare for the far future while maintaining in readiness much equipment that was deployed in the distant past.
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In the United States, the Department of State's Office of Defense Trade Controls and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) control the permanent and temporary export and temporary import of defense articles and defense services.
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They have little to do with providing assurance with respect to actual products or technologies that DoD would acquire; rather, their purpose is to keep some level of weapons technologies from potential adversaries. DEFENSE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY The transformation of the military in the post-Cold War era has affected the defense industrial base in a number of ways.
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A recent National Research Council report finds that "our military decision makers today are trapped in an acquisition strategy that depends on an industrial base that cannot respond quickly enough to meet the demand for new and modified military systems expected to result from the stepped-up tempo of future military operations."14 Today, a handful of U.S. companies make up the defense integrated products industry and remain funded primarily by defense spending.
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The agency processes nearly 8,200 contract actions daily and does business with nearly 24,000 different suppliers. More than 21,000 persons are employed by the DLA to carry out this mission, although this total is reduced substantially from 65,000 in 1992, just after the end of the Cold War.18,19 For printed circuit boards, the logistics data are mixed.
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From page 32... ...
However, as issues arise, DoD must have the ability to link the component through the systems to warfighter capabilities and to integrate impacts and remedies into defense decision making.21 In current DoD assessments, circuit boards do not appear as a critical technology, nor do they appear as a critical component in the subset of critical technologies that warranted further analyses in the MCTL or DSTL. This is because electronics interconnection technology does not provide a "direct warfighter capability" -- the main criterion used to identify critical technologies and components.
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defense industrial base. The defense product and systems integrators have consolidated, whereas the supply chain -- which serves both defense and commercial products -- has become increasingly distributed.
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Because defense acquisition processes are designed for large, dedicated companies, DoD is generally seen as a difficult customer for small businesses or commercial businesses. DoD seeks to expand the defense industrial base to commercial sources of technology -- large or small.
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If the highest-quality or most cost-effective or most innovative component is not made in the United States, it would be negligent of the defense acquisition corps not to purchase it for the warfighter. The Buy American Act is only one of the dozens of rules that affect the U.S.
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A level playing field, while sounding desirable, really implies a reliance on markets and competence and a lack of reliance on statecraft and leverage that can leave national and economic security at risk. Policy Implications for PrCBs It has become increasingly difficult to buy PrCBs under the provisions of the Buy American Act.
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Current studies carried out by the Department of Defense find no national emergency in acquisition policy nor the defense industrial base.30 The prevailing policy for defense acquisition is currently to buy globally the best value. According to Ms.
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; · Separate critical components with known vulnerabilities, but without known threat exposure (4)
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A source might also be cut off because of a parent company's business decision not to supply the military, or because a company or plant ceases operation, or simply because of a failure to meet DoD quality standards. An additional potential vulnerability is that exporting military designs may allow others to gain a technology advantage or to match the perceived U.S.
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Restrictions on trade such as export controls, military critical technologies, intellectual property controls, and directed tariffs are seen as ensuring these benefits to the taxpayer. 35Foreign Sources of Supply: Assessment of the United States Defense Industrial Base.
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Defense acquisition seems to be in a transition period, from the past to the future, but different parts of the defense supply chain have very different views of the future. For example, the government has gone only part of the way toward adopting commercial acquisition practices.
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Because producers and DoD program managers may be reluctant to incur the costs of such identification, this strategy must also have a way for program managers to incur the costs of their part numbers being so identified. In conjunction with such a strategy, procedures are needed to develop and provide ongoing support for production of such critical components, either through subsidies to commercial businesses, through the creation of joint ventures, or through the use of a government manufacturing facility.
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