Linkages Manufacturing Trends in Electronic Interconnection Technology (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E Lead-Free Electronics
Appendix E Lead-Free Electronics
Pages 70-76
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From page 70... ...
The demonstrable success and societal benefits of preventing lead exposure are unarguable. Irrefutable evidence associates lead at different exposure levels with a wide spectrum of health and social effects, including mild intellectual impairment, hyperactivity, shortened concentration span, poor school performance, violent or aggressive behavior, and hearing loss.
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2001. Bone lead and BLLs in relation to baseline blood pressure and the prospective development of hypertension: The normative aging study.
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From page 72... ...
There is no conclusive evidence that chelation improves therapeutic outcome in patients with lead poisoning.34 Although chelation reduces blood lead levels and increases excretion of lead in the urine, there is very little evidence that it prevents or reverses the damage resulting from lead exposure.35 Moreover, chelation does not have a beneficial effect on growth and may even have an adverse effect.36 Global Lead Exposure The public health problem of environmental lead exposure has been widely investigated in developed countries such as the United States, where actions taken have led to significant reductions in blood lead concentrations in children. In contrast, little has been done regarding lead poisoning in developing countries, particularly in African countries, despite evidence of widespread and excessive lead 21R.
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From page 73... ...
Despite considerable regulatory attention and voluntary changes that have occurred in reducing lead use, lead poisoning continues in developed as well as developing countries.48 The Electronics Industry The electronics industry was not regulated for its impact on the environment for many decades and has never been held accountable for the actual cost of the environmental damage that it has caused. Billions of electronics products have been discarded in every region of the world.
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From page 74... ...
, commonly used in cable assemblies. The early PrCB industry produced electronics products using prodigious quantities of lead and other toxic materials, systematically shipping them to every corner of the world, where, to this day, they are improperly disposed of in landfills, waterways, and incinerators.
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From page 75... ...
That law, the Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003, also contains a provision that prohibits a covered electronics device from being sold or offered for sale in California if the device is prohibited from being sold in the European Union by the RoHS directive.53 The electronics industry is likewise beginning to take responsibility for its products at the end of their useful life. This responsibility also forms the basis for the "take-back" legislation that is being implemented in the European Union under the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
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From page 76... ...
Other exemptions include lead in the glass of cathode ray tubes, electronic components, and fluorescent tubes; lead in solders for servers, storage and storage array systems; lead in solders for network infrastructure equipment for switching, signaling, transmission as well as network management for telecommunication; and lead in electronic ceramic parts (e.g., piezoelectronic devices)
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