Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training (2006) / Chapter Skim
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5 Answers to the Military's Questions
5 Answers to the Military's Questions
Pages 219-234
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5 Answers to the Military's Questions This chapter summarizes answers to the specific questions that were posed to the committee. In an attempt to summarize the answers, descriptions of critical issues are merely reviewed.
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The level of specific mineral intakes depends not only on the mineral content of the rations but also on the rations' composition (i.e., interaction with
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Male 11 15 15 1125 Female 8 12 11 NOTE: AI = Adequate Intake; EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; MDRI = Military Dietary Reference Intake; MGT = military garrison training; ND = not determined; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance.
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. Mineral status during weight loss depends significantly on the severity of caloric deprivation, macronutrient composition of the diet, and mineral intake.
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Of the three minerals of greatest interest, magnesium is the least likely to present a clinical problem, because the body can reduce urinary magnesium losses to minute levels, even without limiting magnesium intake. Zinc is of greater concern because of its importance in immune function and the potential for occurrence of diarrheal illness in military operations [as mentioned in Hamer (2005)
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When the dietary protein is in this range, whether the protein is mostly from highcalcium dairy products (2,400 mg/day) or from mixed-protein and moderate calcium products (500 mg/day of calcium)
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a reduced need for mineral intakes during periods of modest hypocaloric intakes (1,0001,500 kcal/day) that provide at least 50 percent of daily caloric needs.
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Based on the sweat loss findings, the committee adjusted the IOM Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and calculated new EARs and RDAs (EARsMGT and RDAsMGT)
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of the EARMGT, to ensure that 97 98 percent of soldiers will have adequate intake. There were not enough data addressing the impact of sweat losses on magnesium and selenium levels to recommend an increase in dietary intake (see Chapter 3 for details)
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Although one cannot ensure that iron supplementation will have a beneficial effect in all cases, it appears that improved iron status, possibly beyond the current recommended 15 µg/L of ferritin (level at which iron stores are present) , may have beneficial effects in cognitive functions relevant for the military.
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As science emerges regarding the unique nutrient needs of military personnel, additional adjustments will be necessary to meet those needs. The MDRIs should continue to reflect the IOM DRIs, with modifications made to specific nutrient requirements if sufficient scientific evidence demonstrates related needs and benefits.
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The IOM report Applications in Dietary Planning (IOM, 2003) should serve as a guide for using the MDRIs to plan the diets of military personnel.
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However, due to purification processes, it appears that the mineral content of the water for consumption is fairly low and would not contribute significantly to dietary intakes of minerals. The military provides soldiers with water from sources that meet the standards for chemical and microbiological levels.
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Paper presented at the Insti tute of Medicine Workshop on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel, Washinton, DC. Institute of Medicine Committee on Mineral Require ments for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel.
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Paper presented at the Institue of Medicine Workshop on The Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel, Washington, DC. Institute of Medicine Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Perfor mance of Military Personnel.
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234 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL Specker B, Binkley T
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