The Genomic Revolution Implications for Treatment and Control of Infectious Disease: Working Group Summaries (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Develop an Inexpensive (and Cost-Effective) Diagnostic Test That Could Be Deployed in Countries with Little Scientific Research Infrastructure
Develop an Inexpensive (and Cost-Effective) Diagnostic Test That Could Be Deployed in Countries with Little Scientific Research Infrastructure
Pages 17-24
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From page 17... ...
Companies are manufacturing rapid diagnostic tests for malaria but most have not been carefully evaluated and the performance typically falls below the expected level. The accepted standard for malaria diagnosis remains the evaluation of Giemsastained blood smears by light microscopy, which is labor intensive, slow, and requires trained personnel.
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From page 18... ...
· How can nanotechnology and new rapid diagnostic methods for other targets be adapted to diagnose malaria species, drug-resistant mutations, and vaccine-resistant polymorphisms in malaria-endemic countries? If desired, the working group can expand the topic to tropical diseases other than malaria -- visceral leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas' disease (South American trypanosomiasis)
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From page 19... ...
:50. WORKING GROUP SUMMARY Summary written by: Susanne McDowell, Graduate Student, Science Communication, University of California, Santa Cruz Working group members: · Asem Alkhateeb, Postdoctoral Scholar, Human Genetics, University of Chicago · Austin Demby, Senior Staff Fellow, Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · Jeffrey Feder, Associate Professor, Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame · Paul Laibinis, Professor, Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University · Colleen McBride, Chief, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute · Susanne McDowell, Graduate Student, Science Communication, University of California, Santa Cruz · Arcady Mushegian, Director of Bioinformatics, Stowers Institute for Medical Research · Mihri Ozkan, Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside · David Roessner, Senior Evaluation Consultant, National Academies Keck Futures Initiative · Debra Schwinn, James B
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From page 20... ...
Our group was a motley crew: among them a few geneticists, a chemical engineer, an AIDS expert, a social and behavioral scientist, an infectious disease guru, an electrical engineer, a science journal editor, an evolutionary biologist, and a pharmacology expert. Individually, no one was equipped to devise a diagnostic test with all the properties we wanted.
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From page 21... ...
Initially, we hoped to combine HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis tests on a single platform. But inexpensive, portable HIV diagnostics already exist, and tuberculosis tests involve messy sputum samples requiring more preparation than blood samples.
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From page 22... ...
Shear forces tear the DNA apart to release the nucleic acids, which are hooked to magnetic tags that route the nucleic acids to the part of the chip outfitted with nanowires. Different nanowires are equipped with different "docking DNA," corresponding with various malarial strains and drug resistance
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From page 23... ...
By the end of the conference we were imagining a new scenario: a technician outfitted with one or two of these diagnostic devices, simple sample collection equipment, and some sample chips visits a village. After taking a small blood sample from the patient, the technician loads the sample on the chip, presses a button, and an entire nanolab gets to work.
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