The Genomic Revolution Implications for Treatment and Control of Infectious Disease: Working Group Summaries (2006) / Chapter Skim
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How Can Genomics Facilitate Vaccine Development?
How Can Genomics Facilitate Vaccine Development?
Pages 33-40
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From page 33... ...
Genome sequencing can help to identify genetic patterns related to the virulence of a disease, as well as genetic factors that contribute to immunity or successful vaccine response. All this information could lead to vaccines with better and more specific targets that elicit more successful protective immune responses.
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From page 34... ...
Beyond genome sequence analysis, participants should consider related technologies, such as the analysis of gene expression by either the pathogen or host upon infection or vaccination; proteomic analysis, including protein-protein interactions within the pathogen or between host and pathogen; pathogen and host rapid phenotyping, whole genome synthesis; and the design of more effective vaccine vehicles and adjuvants. Initial References Fauci, A
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From page 35... ...
Khoury, Director, Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · Corinne Lengsfeld, Associate Professor, Engineering, University of Denver · Alan McBride, Researcher, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil · Catherine McCarty, Interim Director and Senior Research Scientist, Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation · Fabienne Paumet, Associate Research Scientist, Physiology and Biophysics, Columbia University · John E Wiktorowicz, Associate Professor, Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, The University of Texas Medical Branch · Zhenhua Yang, Assistant Professor, Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health Summary If the developing world could run classified ads, one ad would certainly read, "Needed: vaccines, fast and cheap." In 2005 alone, if there had been a vaccine for malaria, it could have saved more than a million people's lives.
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From page 36... ...
On the proteomics side, more data could enable scientists to identify cellular responses to infection, as well as biomarkers for infection and for successful vaccine response. The group concluded that vaccine development research needs a better infrastructure than there is right now for data collection that would include information in populations on both pathogen and host, and specifically one that would record the type of immune response, if any, elicited in the host, as well as any genomic or immunological markers that may aid in properly targeting the vaccine.
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From page 37... ...
Sometimes this means that an organism simply will not grow in culture, but in other instances the culture conditions actually create selection pressures that result in mutated strains of the pathogen that do not exist in nature and are therefore useless for developing a vaccine. A similar challenge exists for scientists who are trying to crystallize proteins to study their shape, because the conditions for crystallization vary widely with different types of proteins and are also difficult to achieve.
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From page 38... ...
If scientists can use genomic data to engineer human tissue in the laboratory, they may be able to study hostpathogen interactions and vaccine efficacy directly in human tissue and eliminate the guesswork of translating results from animal to human models. After all the epidemiological studies, searches for antigens, and animal modeling, a vaccine is finally ready for clinical trials.
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From page 39... ...
population, and could be expanded to collect genomic information regarding immune response to a vaccine. If a larger percentage of the population were registered with this database, researchers could track the effectiveness of vaccines in the real world after they hit the market.
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