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From page 205... ...
, 105, 127128 Acute leishmaniasis, 120121 Acute malaria, 125 Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) , 105 Acute nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, 109 diagnosis, 109 Salmonella bacteremia, 109 Salmonella gastroenteritis, 109 treatment, 109 Acute Q fever, 130131 atypical presentations, 131 Coxiella burnetii hepatitis, 130131 Coxiella burnetii pneumonia, 130 treatment for, and related long-term toxicity, 131 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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From page 206... ...
See Acute respiratory distress syndrome Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 85, 182 Army Medical Surveillance Activity, 61, 82 Arthritis in chronic brucellosis, 116 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 116 Attributions to military service in southwest and south-central Asia, 2426 B Background, 916 charge to the Committee on Gulf War and Health: Infectious Diseases, 13, 1516 identifying infectious diseases to study, 1314 Bacterial diseases, 2, 2122, 2526, 3644 antibiotic-resistant or common nosocomial infections, 44 endemic to southwest and south-central Asia that have long-term adverse health outcomes, 3644 more prevalent in southwest and south-central Asia than in the US, 3641 not more prevalent in southwest and south-central Asia than in the US, 4244 of special concern to US troops or veterans, 41 against which all military personnel were immunized and vaccines are highly or fully protective, 41 against which all military personnel were immunized and vaccines are partly protective, 42 BAMC. See Brooke Army Medical Center Benign intracranial hypertension, 131 Biologic-warfare (BW)
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From page 207... ...
, 61, 110 Chicken pox (varicella) , diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF, or OIF, 85 Choroiditis, multifocal, 6, 117 Chronic brucellosis, 115118 arthritis, 116 cardiovascular system infections, 117 diagnosis, 115 genitourinary tract manifestations, 117 hepatic involvement, 116 major manifestations, 115118 neurologic involvement, 116117 ophthalmologic involvement, 117 other symptoms, 118 respiratory system infections, 118 Chronic hepatitis, sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 134 Chronic osteomyelitis, 187 Chronic sequelae of Coxiella burnetii infection, 132135 chronic hepatitis, 134 endocarditis, 133 osteomyelitis, 134 post-Q fever fatigue syndrome, 134135 vascular infection, 134 CL.
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From page 208... ...
, 7, 61, 88, 91, 145 Deployment Health Support, 15 medical databases, 28, 9193, 191 policies on tuberculin skin testing, 7 policy regarding predeployment and postdeployment serum collection, 7, 9394
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From page 209... ...
INDEX 209 Serum Repository, 93 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) , 1, 11, 19, 61, 155, 187 Occupational and Environmental Health Strategic Healthcare Group, 15 Depression, limited or suggestive evidence of an association involving, 6 Desert Storm pneumonitis, 181 Detection, of tuberculosis transmission, 136 Development of conclusions, 34 of inclusion criteria, 23 Diagnosis active TB, 140141 acute brucellosis, 114115 acute Campylobacter infection, 104 acute nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, 109 acute Shigella infection, 111 chronic brucellosis, 115 latent tuberculosis infection, 136 leishmaniasis, 121 Q fever, 131 West Nile fever, 151152 Diarrheal diseases, 1, 6273, 103112 Campylobacter infection, 103107 diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF, or OIF, 6273 enteric infections in the Gulf War, 6269 gastroenteritis in OEF and OIF, 6973 nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, 108110 Shigella infection, 110112 Diseases, unreported, 25 Diseases and etiologic agents considered by the Committee for evaluation, 2124 bacterial diseases, 2122 fungal diseases, 22 helminthic diseases, 2223 miscellaneous diseases, 2324 protozoan diseases, 23 viral diseases, 23 Diseases and etiologic agents of special interest to Gulf War, OEF, and OIF veterans, 181194 Al Eskan disease, 181183 bacterial diseases, 41 biologic-warfare agents, 193194 comments on, 2829 idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia, 183184 mycoplasmas, 190193 sexually transmitted diseases, 5758 wound and nosocomial infections, 184185 Diseases excluded from in-depth study Escherichia coli, 28
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From page 210... ...
See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing Encephalitis St. Louis, 149 West Nile, 151 Endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 2, 15, 2526, 120 brucellosis, 113114 Campylobacter infection, 103 malaria, 124125 nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, 109 Q fever, 130 Shigella infection, 111 tuberculosis, 137 West Nile virus infection, 150 Endocarditis, 117 sequelae of Coxiella burnetii infection, 133 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 133 Enteric Disease Research Program (US Navy)
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From page 211... ...
, 127128 in acute Campylobacter infection, 104105 limited or suggestive evidence of an association involving, 6, 117, 128 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 105 Gulf War, 13, 11, 15, 103 instance of leishmaniasis, 7880 malaria in, 82 nosocomial infections in, 85 Q fever contracted during, 89 severe acute respiratory disease in, 76 West Nile fever in, 84 Gulf War and Health series, 4, 11, 101 "Gulf War Illness" (GWI) , 13 and mycoplasmas, 191193 H Helminthic diseases, 2, 2223, 25 endemic to southwest and south-central Asia that have long-term adverse health outcomes, 5355 Hematologic complications of infection with Plasmodium spp., 126 sufficient evidence of a causal relationship involving, 4, 126 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
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From page 212... ...
, 85 and Department of Defense Medical Databases, 9193 and Department of Defense policy regarding predeployment and postdeployment serum collection, 9394 diarrheal diseases, 6273 insect-borne diseases, 7884 meningococcal disease, 85 nosocomial infections, 8588 Q fever, 8890 respiratory disease, 7378 tuberculosis, 9091 viral hepatitis, 90 Infectious diseases endemic to southwest and south-central Asia that have long-term adverse health outcomes, 2024, 3560 bacterial diseases, 3644 helminthic diseases, 5355 protozoan diseases, 5052 sexually transmitted diseases, 5658 viral diseases, 4549 Infectious diseases identified for study, 1314, 1929 direct attribution to military service in southwest and south-central Asia, 2426 diseases and agents of special interest to Gulf War, OEF, and OIF veterans, 2829
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From page 213... ...
, 8688, 186 Late manifestations of active tuberculosis, 142144 extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 143144 pulmonary tuberculosis, 143 relapse of active TB, 144 spinal tuberculosis and long-term neurologic disability, 144 tuberculosis meningitis and long-term neurologic disability, 143144 Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) , 7, 137, 142, 145 diagnosis, 136 Leishmaniasis, 3, 13, 7882, 118123 acute, 120121 coinfection with HIV, 122 diagnosis, 121 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 120 in the Gulf War, 7880 long-term adverse health outcomes, 122123
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From page 214... ...
214 GULF WAR AND HEALTH in OEF and OIF, 8082 transmission, 119120 treatment for, and related long-term toxicity, 121122 Levels of association between select diseases and long-term adverse health outcomes, 101155 brucellosis, 112118 diarrheal diseases, 103112 leishmaniasis, 118123 malaria, 123129 Q fever, 129135 tuberculosis, 135149 West Nile virus infection, 149155 Limited or suggestive evidence of an association, 6, 31 involving amnesia, 6 involving brucellosis, 6, 117 involving Campylobacter infection, 6, 107 involving Coxiella burnetii infections, 6, 135 involving deafness, 6, 117 involving demyelinating meningovascular syndromes, 6, 117 involving demyelinating polyneuropathy, 6, 128 involving depression, 6 involving episcleritis, 6, 117 involving fatigue and inattention, 6 involving Guillain-Barré syndrome, 6, 117, 128 involving multifocal choroiditis, 6, 117 involving myelitis-radiculoneuritis, 6, 117 involving neurologic and neuropsychiatric complications, 6, 128 involving nummular keratitis, 6, 117 involving optic neuritis, 6, 117 involving papilledema, 6, 117 involving Plasmodium falciparum infections, 6, 128 involving Plasmodium vivax infections, 6, 128 involving post-Q fever fatigue syndrome, 6, 135 involving sensorineural hearing loss, 6, 117 involving uveitis, 6, 107 Limited or suggestive evidence of no association, 7, 31 Literature amassing, 29 review and evaluation of, 34, 2930 selection of, 29 Long-term adverse health outcomes, 24 of acute Campylobacter infection, 104107 of Al Eskan disease, 182 of brucellosis, 115118 definition, 2 of idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia, 183184 of infection with Plasmodium spp., 126129
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From page 215... ...
, 1, 3, 8284, 123129 acute, 125 coinfection with HIV, 126 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 124125 in the Gulf War, 82 long-term adverse health outcomes, 126129 in OEF and OIF, 8284 relapse and recrudescence, 128129 sufficient evidence of a causal relationship involving, 4, 126, 128129 transmission, 124 treatment for, and related long-term toxicity, 125126 Meningitis sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 117 tuberculosis and long-term neurologic disability, 143144 West Nile, 151 Meningococcal disease, diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF, or OIF, 85 Meningoencephalitis, 152 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 117 Methodology, 14, 1931 categories of strength of association, 3031 development of conclusions, 34 identifying the infectious diseases to study, 1929 identifying the pathogens to study, 23 reasons for excluding two diseases from in-depth study, 28 review and evaluation of the literature, 2930 MFS. See Miller-Fisher syndrome Mild acute respiratory disease in the Gulf War, 7376 among ground troops, 7475 among shipboard military personnel, 76 Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS)
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From page 216... ...
See Nuclear gene tracking Nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, 1, 108110 acute illness, 109 coinfection with nontyphoidal Salmonellae and HIV, 109110 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 109 long-term adverse health outcomes, 110 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 110 transmission, 108 Norovirus (NV) , 71 among ground troops in the Gulf War, 67 Nosocomial infections, 8588, 184185 antibiotic-resistant or common, 44 diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF, or OIF, 8588 Nuclear gene tracking (NGT)
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From page 217... ...
, 13, 11, 19, 35, 61, 78, 8688, 90, 103 Brooke Army Medical Center, 8687 Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, 8788 leishmaniasis in, 8082 malaria in, 8284 nosocomial infections in, 8688 Q fever contracted during, 8990 Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 8788 West Nile fever in, 84 Ophthalmologic complications of chronic brucellosis, 117 of infection with Plasmodium spp., 126127 sufficient evidence of a causal relationship involving, 4, 127 Optic neuritis, limited or suggestive evidence of an association involving, 6, 117 Orchioepididymitis, sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 117 Osteomyelitis, 189 chronic, 187 sequelae of Coxiella burnetii infection, 134 sufficient evidence of a causal relationship involving, 4, 134 P Papilledema, limited or suggestive evidence of an association involving, 6, 117 Pathogenesis of Al Eskan disease, 182 of idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia, 184 Pathogens, identified for study, 23 Persian Gulf War. See Gulf War Persian Gulf War Veterans Act, 1, 1112, 24 PFTs.
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From page 218... ...
, 3, 8890, 129135 acute, 130131 coinfection with HIV, 131132 diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF, or OIF, 8890, 131 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 130 long-term adverse health outcomes, 132135 transmission of Coxiella burnetii, 129130 R ReA. See Reactive arthritis Reactivation TB, vs primary TB, 140 Reactive arthritis (ReA)
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From page 219... ...
, 114 Severe acute respiratory disease in the Gulf War, 76 Sexually transmitted diseases, 5658 Shigella infection, 1, 3, 13, 71, 110112 acute illness, 111 among ground troops in the Gulf War, 6667 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 111 long-term adverse health outcomes, 111112 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 5, 112 transmission, 110 Shipboard military personnel enteric infections in the Gulf War among, 6869 mild acute respiratory disease in the Gulf War among, 76 Silicosis, 182183 Southwest and south-central Asia. See also Endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia; Prevalence in southwest and south-central Asia map of, 20 Special interest diseases.
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From page 220... ...
See Treatments with related long-term toxicity Transmission of brucellosis, 113114 of Campylobacter infection, 103 of Coxiella burnetii, 129130 of leishmaniasis, 119120 of malaria, 124
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From page 221... ...
, 1, 3, 135149 active, 140142 diagnosis in US troops serving in the Gulf War, OEF and OIF, 9091 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 137 late manifestations, 142144 potential relationships with military service, 144149 risk of progression from latent tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis, 137140 transmission, 135136 treatment for latent tuberculosis infection to prevent active tuberculosis, 140 U Unreported diseases, 25 US Navy Forward Laboratory, 83 US Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, Special Investigation Unit on Persian Gulf War Illness, 192 US troops levels of, 10, 14 living conditions of, 61 personal hygiene among, 66 USNS Comfort, 186 USNS Mercy, 62, 68, 76 Uveitis
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From page 222... ...
, 150151, 153 West Nile virus (WNV) infection, 1, 3, 84, 149155 acute, 151 diagnosis, 151152 endemicity in southwest and south-central Asia, 150 in the Gulf War, 84 long-term adverse health outcomes, 152154 in OEF and OIF, 84 sufficient evidence of an association involving, 6, 154 transmission, 150 treatment, 152 WHO.
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From page 223... ...
See West Nile virus infection World Health Organization (WHO) , 30, 149 Wound infections, 29, 184187 concerns regarding Acinetobacter baumannii, 185186 regional experiences in non-Americans, 188190 Wounded-to-killed ratios, 184 WRAMC.
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