Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis Workshop Summary (2007) / Chapter Skim
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3 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
3 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
Pages 19-34
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Dawson-Hughes represent a composite of input from many of the panel members including Stephanie Atkinson, Steve Abrams, Robert Heany, Robert Rude, Connie Weaver, and Gary Whitford, and from James Penland (regarding magnesium)
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Over the last 9 years, numerous randomized controlled trials of adults have been published. The studies that had a placebo group with a low calcium intake and a reasonable level of compliance generally have shown beneficial effects of calcium supplementation on bone.
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Three steps in the process are identifying the biological action affected by vitamin D, determining the amount of 25-(OH) D needed to optimize function for that biological action, and then defining the relationship between intake and serum 25-(OH)
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It shows that four of the eight studies demonstrated a positive effect on nonvertebral fracture risk reduction. Based in part on these study results, many are estimating that a 25-(OH)
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NS NOTE: ΔPTH = Change in parathyroid hormone concentration; NS = no statistically significant effect.
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A very recent intervention study with 200 or 400 IU of vitamin D looked at the change in bone mineral content in young adolescent girls over a 1-year interval. Results showed step increases in the change in bone mineral content with more vitamin D supplementation.
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Current identified research needs concern the potential problem of low phosphorus intake, especially by older individuals in the United States; the extent to which the increasing use of calcium supplements may decrease the bioavailability of phosphorus; and a potential increased need for phosphorus related to the introduction of anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. Magnesium The key research recommendations for magnesium were to (1)
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Fluoride Key research recommendations for fluoride include (1) conducting epidemiologic research on habitual exposure to fluoride, particularly focusing on the prevention of dental caries, quality of bone, and the risk of developing fluorosis; and (2)
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Dr. Hollis indicated that a chronic depleted status may be common today and that a depleted vitamin D status poses risks for within-tissue processing.
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He considers insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, immune function, circulating cytokines (both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory) , and cardiac health to be promising research areas.
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Moreover, he posited that a serum concentration of 80 nmol/L of 25(OH) D, which has been proposed to protect the skeleton, is too low to reduce the risk of muscular sclerosis or cancer or to promote immune function.
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Dennis Bier, Irwin Rosenberg, Larry Appel, Paul Pencharz, and Robert Russell are summarized below, along with responses from the presenters. Optimal Parathyroid Hormone level Dr.
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That correlation is so strong that one would not need to conduct a 24-hour urine collection to assess safety. Basically, the random spoturine calcium content would increase before the renal threshold was exceeded and before an increase in the blood calcium concentration occurred.
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Dr. Hollis responded that blinded maternal studies are underway but the increased blood concentrations of 25-(OH)
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Thus, the staying power of the single dose of vitamin D3 is greater, and the increment over 2 weeks is greater. Vitamin D2 can be effective, but it takes a much larger dose on a frequently repeated dosing regimen.
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