Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel (2006) / Chapter Skim
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5 Tier 1 International Agent-Only Processing Technologies
5 Tier 1 International Agent-Only Processing Technologies
Pages 54-67
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From page 54... ...
These systems do rently employ incineration to destroy agent recovered from not destroy complete munitions but use neutralization to old and abandoned chemical weapons. However, the agent destroy small amounts of agent contained in chemical agent recovery methods used are considered out of date, and their identification sets.
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From page 55... ...
state that neutralization is used 1991, nerve agents (G and V classes) were removed from at the Belgian chemical weapon dismantlement facility at weapons using drill-and-drain methods and neutralized using Poelkapelle to destroy some of the approximately 60 combi- 20 percent potassium hydroxide in methanol.
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From page 56... ...
; the On-Site Inspections Agency Interagency Affairs, Chemical Weapons Branch, U.S. Department of Defense; the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense; President's Committee for Conventional Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Russian Federation; Saratov Higher 3Personal communication between LTC Charles Davis, Assistant Army Military Engineering School of Chemical Defense, Russian Federation; and Attaché, U.S.
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From page 57... ...
H3C O CH3 ~90°C P CH3 + K+ O-CH2-CH 5-1 CH3-CH2-O S-CH2-CH2-N-CH-CH3 Redrawn CH3 CH-CH3 CH3 American VX Potassium isobutylate H3C O CH3 P CH3 + K+ -S-CH2-CH2-N-CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-O O-CH2-CH CH-CH3 CH3 CH3 O-ethyl O-isobutyl Potassium 2-diisopropylaminoethanethiolate methyl phosphonate FIGURE 5-2 Reaction of VX and potassium isobutylate. SOURCE: Bechtel, 1996.
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From page 58... ...
in the bitumen-salt end product were consistently below the Again, the DEs reported by Flamm and Pakhomov were gas chromatography detection limit of 1 × 104 mg/ml. Redrawnnot defined but were given as 99.9 percent for GB and GD The joint evaluation report gives the results of toxicity test- for Stage 1 only and >99.999 percent for the overall process ing on the final bitumen-salt products from the destruction of (Bechtel, 1996)
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From page 59... ...
is said to account hazards. The second step, bitumenization, is carried out at for 79.2 percent of Russia's total chemical agent stockpile higher, but still modest, temperatures and under reduced of about 40,000 tons (Petrov and Trubachev, 2000)
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From page 60... ...
of chemical weapons, corresponding to materials from the offgases from the process. 60,000 munitions at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and the One issue with incineration technology is that organic Chemical Agent Munitions Disposal System at the Tooele compounds cannot generally be converted completely to ArmyAmmunition Plant, Utah (Sutherland, 1997)
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From page 61... ...
The bucket also contains activated carbon to absorb the agent if the glass container leaks. The bucket is United Kingdom The United Kingdom facility at Porton Down employs a 7 licensed hazardous waste incinerator for munitions destruc- Personal communication between Richard Soilleux, DSTL Porton Down, and Richard Ayen, committee chair, November 14, 2005.
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From page 62... ...
The mustard agent Chemical warfare agents, mainly mustard agent, were feed rate was 300 kg/hr, and the overall campaign destroyed transported to DRES after World War II for destruction about 400 metric tons of agent. (Sutherland, 1997)
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dJohnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System; data are from preoperational Operational Verification Tests (OVT)
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From page 64... ...
For example, the Johnston Atoll United States, and public pressure resulted in years of delays Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) , the first of the in obtaining permits, with attendant delays in schedule.
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From page 65... ...
cyclone residue No, offsite TSDF DFS heated discharge conveyor ash No, offsite TSDF DFS refractory No, offsite TSDF Demilitarization protective ensemble suits No, permitted long-term storage Laboratory liquid wastes No, offsite TSDF Laboratory solid wastes No, offsite TSDF Liquid incinerator refractory No, offsite TSDF Liquid incinerator slag No, offsite TSDF Miscellaneous metal parts Yes Mist eliminator filter/demister candles No, offsite TSDF Metal parts furnace (MPF) ash No, offsite TSDF MPF metal Yes MPF refractory No, offsite TSDF MPF residue No, offsite TSDF Pollution abatement system (PAS)
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From page 66... ...
2003. "Ridding Russia of chemical weapons." Chemical & proven technology for the destruction of chemical agent and Engineering News 81(48)
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From page 67... ...
2000. "Activities in the field of chemical weapons agent dis posal in Germany." Proceedings of Munster 2000, The 2nd International
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