Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel (2006) / Chapter Skim
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6 Tier 2 International Technologies for Munitions and Agent-Only Processing
6 Tier 2 International Technologies for Munitions and Agent-Only Processing
Pages 68-78
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From page 68... ...
Acid Digestion Process ADP uses 7M nitric acid to access munitions contents, destroy munition bodies, and oxidize the fills. The acid Initial development of the acid digestion process (ADP)
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From page 69... ...
Such unstable Black powder Nerve agents VX and G series Lead styphanate Arsine Mercury fulminate 2Meetings with Ralf Trapp, Jeff Osborne, and Jerzy Mazur, Organisation SOURCE: Edward Doyle, Alternative Systems Demonstration and Evalua- for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, The Hague, The Netherlands, tion Group Leader, PMNSCMP, "Acid digestion of GTRs: Results and path January 18, 2006, and Herbert DeBischopp and Michel Lefebvre, Belgian forward," briefing to the committee, September 7, 2005. Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium, January 19, 2006.
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From page 70... ...
In short, not- testing has been to identify additives that will promote the withstanding its apparent simplicity, the issues pertaining to formation of a suitable final glass waste form. It is important ADP include the use of concentrated nitric acid, the potential that the waste formed exhibit minimal leaching of radioactive for the generation of unstable nitrate compounds, the prob- components and other contaminants of concern, such as able difficulty with handling the secondary waste streams, RCRA heavy metals (Buelt et al., 1987; Loehr et al., 1992; and the probable requirement to filter out explosives from the Thomas and Treat, 2001)
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From page 71... ...
From labora The technology was also demonstrated at Waste Control tory-scale experiments, it was concluded that a firing pool Specialists for the treatment of 9,575 pounds of another with a 12-meter diameter and a 6-meter depth, filled with waste, source not indicated, that also contained PCBs and approximately 500 cubic meters of aqueous decontamination 6Brett Campbell, GeoMelt Division, AMEC Earth and Environmental, 5Brett Campbell, GeoMelt Division, AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., "Mixed TSCA low-level radioactive waste treatability demonstration Inc., "Vitrification of Rocky Flats depleted uranium mixed waste (fact (fact sheet) ," project summary provided to the committee, December 22, sheet)
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How- brief summary follows: ever, several hold promise to complement the large-scale physical/chemical techniques used for the destruction of · Pseudomonas diminuta (organophosphate hydrolase) non-stockpile chemical weapons.
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Sandia Laboratories, in collaboration with EnviroFoam, has commercialized a product that is effective in the decontamination of materials exposed to chemical agents as well Electrochemical Oxidation as to some pathogenic viruses and bacteria.7 This product An earlier study (NRC, 2001a) for the U.S.Army NSCMP consists of several chemicals, including some enzymes, concerned with the treatment of liquid neutralent wastes and has been tested at several sites for different types of produced by NSCMP disposal operations examined two contamination.
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From page 74... ...
cate that either the Ag(II) process or the CerOx process had The NSCMP had proposed that plasma arc technology been developed significantly since 2001 in terms of their be used primarily for the destruction of neutralent waste applicability to processing either stockpile or non-stockpile streams, e.g., it was a candidate for the direct destruction chemical agents or munitions.
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From page 75... ...
These systems utilize photocatalytic technology for A number of regulatory issues were raised by the Army's the destruction of chemical weapons agent. Photocatalytic test results for the MCG/PLASMOX technology that must technology is a heterogeneous electron transfer process be resolved before it could be permitted in the United States.
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From page 76... ...
The process employs ultraviolet light, Plasmazon hydrogen peroxide, and a titanium dioxide catalyst to destroy Plasmazon was developed in Germany and uses what organic compounds. In 2001, the NSCMP tested the process are termed "activated ozone structures" for the destruction at the Aberdeen Proving Ground (Burnham et al., 2002)
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From page 77... ...
· Acid digestion, · Bulk vitrification, · Firing pool, Biological Approaches · Biological approaches, Braatz, J.A.
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From page 78... ...
Proceedings of the 2003 Chemical Weapons Demil arsenate and arsenite on titanium dioxide suspensions. Journal of Colloid Conference (CD)
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