Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development Workshop Summary (2007) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introductory Session
1 Introductory Session
Pages 5-16
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Over the past 30 years, the federal government and many organizations have issued physical activity recommendations. Although the various recommendations illustrate the scientific consensus on the health benefits of physical activity, they differ from each other with regard to particular details: How much physical activity?
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The presenters were cautioned to avoid making recommendations for physical activity guidelines. Rather, they were asked to provide scientific evidence that DHHS could use to make a decision regarding whether to move forward on developing guidelines and, if the decision was positive, that would provide a useful starting point for a future expert panel in developing physical activity guidelines for Americans.
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What are the medical contraindications for the prescribed activity, and what adjustments in dose are needed for specific populations to maximize the benefits and reduce adverse events? Data that support each of these areas could provide the scientific evidence base to develop broad national physical activity guidelines for Americans.
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Guidelines for children are not separated from those for adults because some statements were intended to address the physical activity needs of all Americans. BOX 1-1 Chronological Listing of Physical Activity Guidelines Published from 1975 Through 2005 Recommended Dose of Aerobic Physical Activity, American College of Sports Medicine, 1975 to 2000 For Cardiorespiratory Fitness 1975: 3 to 5 days/week for 20 to 45 minutes/day at 70 to 90 percent of heart rate range (the difference between resting and maximal heart rate, typically 70 to 200 beats per minute in a young adult)
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Sallis and Patrick (1994) Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine Every U.S.
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• To help manage body weight and prevent gradual unhealthy weight gain in adulthood, engage in approximately 60 minutes of moderate-to vigorous intensity activity. Children and Adolescents • At least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity is recom mended on most days to maintain good health and fitness and for healthy weight during growth.
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The core guidance provided in Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General (DHHS, 1996) and by a National Institutes of Health consensus conference (NIH, 1995; NIH Consensus Development Panel on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health, 1996)
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. The San Diego Consensus Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents (Sallis and Patrick, 1994)
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FIGURE 1-2 Mean moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes per day obtained using accelerometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004, and counting modified bouts of at least a 10minute duration, by age group and sex. SOURCE: Richard Troiano, Ph.D., U.S.
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The second method was to examine the results of PubMed searches that used the key terms health and exercise and health and physical activity to identify publications from 1980 through 2005. Figure 1-3 depicts the curvilinear growth in the number of published papers on these topics over the past 25 years.
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One such initiative would be the development of comprehensive physical activity guidelines for the American public. REFERENCES ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine)
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A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. J Am Med Assoc 273(5)
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