Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-Making Process for Veterans (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 150-174
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the epidemiologic evi dence. Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Posterior Mass Over an Effect Size of the Causal Effect β 0 8-7 redrawn FIGURE 8-7 Example posterior for Against. Comparison of the Committee's Proposed and Previous Frameworks The Committee's proposed framework departs from that used by previous IOM committees in assessing Agent Orange ( Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Third, we created the category of Equipoise and Above to capture the spirit of presumption: the tie goes to the veteran, and to stay true and scientifically consistent to the evidential standard Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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These agencies base the overall categorization on separate judgments about the strength of evidence from epidemiologic studies, animal studies, or other mechanistic, toxicological, or biological sources. Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Journal of the American Medical Association 283: 2008-2012. Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Under these two assumptions, the AF is interpreted as the probability that among the exposed people with the disease, their disease has actually been caused by the exposure. Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof 9-1
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This problem goes Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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In our previous smoking example, if only half of the "exposed" group had truly Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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(for use in compensating cancer victims exposed to ionizing radiation) found itself constrained by legislative mandate to use the term probability of causation rather than as Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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of cancer or risk D = air concentration t = duration of exposure a = risk in the absence of exposure b = incremental increase in risk with increasing air concentration and time RR = relative risk AF = attributable fraction Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Chapter 8 also considered a scenario where one of the two factors was an intermediate variable on a causal pathway from exposure to disease (the example was smoking resulting from an Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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It is usually not possible to establish the fact of causation for individuals (also referred to as causation in fact or individual causation) because the exposed cases caused by the exposure cannot be distinguished from the exposed cases Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Because mortal Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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Consider a disease, D, caused by an exposure, E, and service in a theater, T, the only theater in which exposure to E was known to have occurred. First, criteria that would Prepublication Copy – Uncorrected Proof
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