Radiation Source Use and Replacement Abbreviated Version (2008) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY
APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY
Pages 209-216
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From page 209... ...
Acute effect: Effects in organisms manifest themselves soon after exposure to radiation and are characterized by inflammation, edema, denudation and depletion of epithelial and haemopoietic tissue, and haemorrhage. Acute radiation exposure: A radiation exposure that occurs over a relatively short period of time (e.g., seconds to hours)
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From page 210... ...
By-product material: Defined by the Atomic Energy Act as radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material; and tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content.
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The SI unit of exposure is 2.58 × 10-4 C per kilogram of air. External exposure: An exposure received from a source of ionizing radiation outside of the body (NCRP, 2001)
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From page 212... ...
The radiation dose of interest in this report is ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation doses can be expressed as an absorbed dose, equivalent dose, or effective dose.
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Risk can be expressed in absolute terms or in comparison to other types of risks. Safety: In the context of this report, concerning prevention of failure, damage, human error, and other inadvertent acts involving radiation sources that could result in accidental radiation exposures.
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Total Body Radiation syndrome: The response of an organism to acute total body radiation exposure is influenced by the combined response to radiation of all organs constituting the organism. Depending on the actual total body dose above 1 Gy, the response is described as a specific radiation syndrome: • Bone marrow syndrome: 1 Gy < Dose < 10 Gy.
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From page 215... ...
GLOSSARY 215 X-ray: High-energy electromagnetic radiation. In this report, radiation emitted by a machine such as an x-ray tube or an electron accelerator with a high-Z target is always referred to as x-ray radiation to distinguish it from radiation from decay of a radionuclide.
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