Human Behavior in Military Contexts (2008) / Chapter Skim
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5 Nonverbal Communication
5 Nonverbal Communication
Pages 46-54
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From page 46... ...
, the first Gulf War could have been avoided if not for a misinterpretation of nonverbal cues: In January, 1991, James Baker, then the United States Secretary of State, met with Tariq Aziz, the foreign minister of Iraq. They met in an effort to reach an agreement that would prevent a war.
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From page 47... ...
By laying the theoretical foundation for more effective communication, classroom instruction, and organizational processes, nonverbal research ultimately will enhance soldiers' ability to communicate, persuade, and avoid misunderstandings before they escalate. SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTEXT Nonverbal behaviors are different from language because they (e.g., gestures or facial expressions)
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From page 48... ...
Whether it is in formal leadership settings, as when a lieutenant commands a platoon, or less formal settings, as when a physician attempts to change the behavior of a patient, nonverbal signals vary dramatically with social role. Nonverbal cues may be valuable in predicting the effectiveness of attempts to exercise social power and influence (Tiedens and Fragale, 2003)
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From page 49... ...
with negative interpersonal consequences. By understanding the relationship between nonverbal cues and communication style, one could potentially design communication technology that is best suited to particular operational environments.
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From page 50... ...
. Nonverbal behavior research can help military negotiators acquire better negotiation tactics and avoid the miscommunications that escalate conflict and undermine successful negotiated outcomes.
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From page 51... ...
found that teachers actually compensated for their biases through their speech and facial expressions, but still "leaked" their biases through their expressive body behavior. These observations have provided some encouragement to those who would like to teach others how to decode important nonverbal signals, like those associated with deception.
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From page 52... ...
Virtual humans can address one of the many methodological challenges in nonverbal research: demonstrating a causal as opposed to correlational relationship between nonverbal behavior and its presumed social effects. Due to the rapid and automatic nature of nonverbal communication, it is difficult to experimentally manipulate people's nonverbal behaviors, something that is necessary to show a causal relationship.
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From page 53... ...
It remains unclear how to mimic the rapid, subtle, and interactive nature of human nonverbal behavior and exactly what level of detail is needed to provide effective skills training. MOTION ANALYSIS AND MULTIMODAL DATABASES A major impediment to research on nonverbal behavior is its reliance on coded data.
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From page 54... ...
54 HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN MILITARY CONTEXTS by creating and sharing linguistic data, tools, and standards. Funding the development of such tools and shared databases, particularly ones that emphasize military-relevant data, presents an opportunity to expand the utility of nonverbal research and to direct it to military applications within the next 5-15 years.
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