Increasing Capacity for Stewardship of Oceans and Coasts A Priority for the 21st Century (2008) / Chapter Skim
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3 Growing Capacity for Stewardship of Oceans and Coasts: A Work in Progress
3 Growing Capacity for Stewardship of Oceans and Coasts: A Work in Progress
Pages 29-49
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From page 29... ...
A number of approaches can be used to implement capacity-building programs, including understanding the players and their roles in the process; developing formal and informal education, research, communication, and training programs; reaching out to communities; and networking. Through such efforts, infrastructure that can ensure that communities have the tools, knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to become effective stewards of their ocean and coastal environments can be developed.
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From page 30... ...
Similarly, the scale of investment in growing the capacity of those institutions to address ocean and coastal stewardship varies from projects at small sites to multiyear programs that include many sites and sometimes many countries. The major donors in ocean and coastal capacity-building typically are government agencies in both the developed world and the developing world.
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From page 31... ...
Multilateral institutions that support capacity-building include the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the United Nations and its specialized bodies, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization. NGOs in developed and developing nations contribute to education and outreach, surveillance and enforcement, scientific research and monitoring, management of visitor use in protected areas, and other management activities.
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From page 32... ...
Although the exact amounts spent specifically on capacity-building are difficult to ascertain, the total investment in programs that contribute to various degrees in ocean and coastal stewardship is large. For example, a recent analysis of international funding for the management of large marine ecosystems (Olsen et al., 2006a)
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From page 33... ...
Some capacity-building emphasizes technical training and education, or technical assistance, whereas other efforts concentrate on improving governance institutions and empowering existing or new groups to use their own resources and skills more effectively. The ultimate goal of developing capacity for stewardship is to establish the institutions and cadre of professionals that will enable society to use and conserve ocean and coastal resources knowledgeably, taking into consideration the broad interests of society for current and future generations.
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From page 34... ...
Local, regional, and national governments and multilateral organizations can provide opportunities for people to study at foreign institutions and acquire the capabilities necessary to support community efforts. Academic Degree Programs Academic degree programs designed specifically to prepare for careers in ocean and coastal management have advanced greatly over the last 30 years.
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From page 35... ...
Fiji Ocean Resource Management Program (University of the South Pacific) Greece Rhodes Academy of Ocean Law India International Ocean Institute (Indian Institute of Technology)
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From page 36... ...
has a basic curriculum in ocean and coastal management training that can be adapted to the needs of specific regions or countries. The program is based on a "learning by doing" ped agogic scheme that provides learners with practical experience while they learn broader issues and ways of doing things that connect directly to the targeted community.
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From page 37... ...
The IOI network promotes sustainable use of ocean space and resources through increased awareness, education, information distribution, and research and community initiatives. IOI has thousands of training-program alumni around the world, many of them in influential decision-making positions in their home countries or the United Nations (International Ocean Institute, 2005)
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From page 38... ...
In addition to formal extension programs, ad hoc outreach programs can be successful in facilitating local conservation initiatives. In the Philippines, Silliman University initiated outreach to communities on Apo Island to improve stewardship of the coral reefs.
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From page 39... ...
. Technology and Tools Capacity-building includes the transfer of innovative tools and technologies to address ocean and coastal issues and to aid government decision-makers in fulfilling their ocean and coastal stewardship mandates.
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From page 40... ...
Strengthening Institutions Enhancing the capacities of institutions to deal with ocean and coastal issues has emerged as a major focus of the capacity-building efforts of multilateral development banks and some bilateral aid organizations, particularly since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. In part, that occurred with the proliferation of
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From page 41... ...
The efforts in institution-building contribute to the larger goal of increasing capacity for ocean and coastal governance, discussed in more detail in chapters 5 and 6. Local and Community Institutional Capacity-Building A great deal of the investment in building institutions has been aimed at coastal communities.
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From page 42... ...
Successful ICM programs also teach practitioners to integrate, analyze, and adapt knowledge and experience to the needs and contexts of a specific place. CRC developed an action strategy for a key coastal area, Fiji's Coral Coast, to demonstrate how ICM could be implemented to address Fiji's pressing national coastal management issues.
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From page 43... ...
Local governments and cities clearly affect the world's oceans and coasts. Efforts to reform urban develop Box 3.2 Capacity-Building for the Comanagement of Chilean Coastal Fisheries The implementation of a national policy to achieve sustainable exploitation levels by restricting access to areas of the coastal seabed in Chile required a substantial investment in capacity-building for the training of fishers, technicians (such as divers and marine technical personnel)
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From page 44... ...
Isla Natividad, a fully protected marine reserve (that is, closed to all fishing and tourism) , is a pilot program handled as field experiments with controls and scientifically designed monitoring to provide data that can be used to decide whether benefits of clo sures warrant continuation at the end of a 6-year agreement.
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From page 45... ...
. One of the relevant findings in the report is that marine protected areas are critical in addressing particular challenges of ocean and coastal resource management; however, other instruments may offer more cost-effective and socially acceptable options for scaling up effective marine management.
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From page 46... ...
PEMSEA was established through the United Nations Development Programme/ Global Environment Facility as the mechanism of intergovernmental cooperation to sus tain the natural, sociologic, and economic vitality of the region and to reverse trends of environmental degradation. PEMSEA emphasizes a holistic, integrative approach to regional governance of the environment through integrated coastal zone management processes and risk-assessment procedures.
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From page 47... ...
The regional graduate schools of oceanography and marine environmental sciences would organize a variety of regional activities in graduate education, bringing together national resources to meet regional needs (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, 2007)
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From page 48... ...
The onboard training program was implemented by POGO and the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group with additional support from the IOC. The IOC's capacity-building effort has extensive programs to train the leaders of oceanographic institutions in developing countries through a series of workshops and meetings.
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From page 49... ...
or in another venue, metrics should be collectively established to categorize and assess the wide array of capacity-building processes (for example, differentiating between human or institutional resources and physical infrastructure developments)
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