Increasing Capacity for Stewardship of Oceans and Coasts A Priority for the 21st Century (2008) / Chapter Skim
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5 What Aspects of Capacity-Building Need More Emphasis?
5 What Aspects of Capacity-Building Need More Emphasis?
Pages 63-88
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From page 63... ...
At the outset of a project to improve ocean and coastal stewardship, capacity-building may not have top priority for funders, project managers, and community leaders. Often, there is an impulse to take immediate action that will have quick, demonstrable results coupled with an initial under-recognition of the value of growing capacity for sustaining the impact of individual projects.
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From page 64... ...
Needs assessments indicate where capacity is inadequate and can be used to leverage the resources required for increasing capacity. Assessments may identify opportunities to raise public awareness; to perform outreach activities, to link communities to enhance local capacities, and to strengthen education through formal curricula, informal meth ods, or other nontraditional means.
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From page 65... ...
That issue is often discussed by people involved in capacity-building, but there continues to be little information on the financing of capacity-building activities. Most guides to building capacity have concentrated on financing for marine protected areas (World Conservation Union, 2000; World Wildlife Fund, 2004)
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From page 66... ...
, and nongovernmental organiza tions ([NGOs] such as the World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, Conservation International, and the World Conservation Society)
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From page 67... ...
For example, funding might be sustained by accessing a share of lottery revenues; dedicated revenues from wildlife stamps; tourism-related fees; fees for ecolabeling and certification, for nonrenewableresource extraction, or for bioprospecting; fishing licenses and fishing-access agreement revenues; fines for illegal activities; campaigns to establish trust funds; and income derived from local enterprises, such as handicrafts and aquatic products. Collaboration between governments and donors is critical to transition from the shorter-term funding provided by the donor community to sustainable financing from governments or market-based mechanisms to ensure long-term support.
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From page 68... ...
NACA has been sustained for more than 30 years -- an exception to the typically short duration of capacity-building programs. THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE PROGRAM ASSESSMENT Standardized criteria for program assessment do not exist, either in the donor community or in the marine management community at large.
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From page 69... ...
As discussed in Chapter 4, governments and donors may be too focused on performance indicators and less cognizant of whether a project is increasing stewardship capacity. A small set of indicators, with flexibility to accommodate adaptive management, is needed to document and analyze trends in the capacity of institutions to develop ecosystem-based management practices.
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From page 70... ...
Objective identification of constraints on success could be used to target funding and overcome some barriers to improving ocean and coastal management practices. PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS A major step in capacity-building is the training of professionals who can move societies toward the knowledgeable use and conservation of ocean and coastal resources for cur rent and future generations.
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From page 71... ...
Information Transfer Low levels of education, inadequate awareness of ocean and coastal issues, uneven access to information, and low environmental literacy are clear constraints on improving management in many places. Greater education and awareness of ocean issues, and specifically how oceans and coasts contribute to human well-being, would provide a foundation for building capacity for ocean stewardship.
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From page 72... ...
. Risk assessments are produced routinely as input into fishery management decisions so that decision-makers are informed about the probability of reaching management goals.
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From page 73... ...
Sometimes called centers of excellence, they are created to address specific topics, such as coastal zone management. An effective way to invest in building capacity is to set up regional centers at universities, such as the U.S.
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From page 74... ...
Horizontally-linked networks help to connect local capacities to manage ocean and coastal uses and thereby create efficiency. They span wide geographic areas and are important models for linking regional centers to the communities in which they operate.
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From page 75... ...
For example, Capacity-Building for Integrated Water Resources Management (Cap-Net) is an international network made up of a partnership of autonomous international, regional, and national institutions and networks committed to capacity-building in the water sector.
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From page 76... ...
o Education and outreach. Markets Civil Society Government Economic Legal and Political Social Pressures Pressures Pressures Human Uses of Ecosystems Figure 5.1 The three mechanisms of governance (markets, governments, and civil society)
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From page 77... ...
However, most of the professionals working in ocean and coastal management projects and programs and in international funding agencies have degrees in the natural sciences; few have been exposed to the concepts of governance or to the fundamentals of how markets, governments, and the institutions of civil society function and evolve. That can reduce the effectiveness of otherwise well-educated professionals when they work to apply ecosystem approaches to ocean and coastal governance.
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From page 78... ...
Box 5.3 Private-Industry Involvement in Capacity-Building in the Bioregion of Central Chile As a condition to receiving a permit to dispose of adequately treated wastewater, a new paper mill, CFI Nueva Aldea, was required to implement a five-year program for development and training in local communities. The resulting program was jointly defined by an assembly of coastal organizations, small-scale fishery villages, local government, the Chilean fisheries authority, CFI Nueva Aldea, associations and unions representing diverse coastal activities, and the University of Concepción.
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From page 79... ...
Markets can be harnessed to meet objectives of civil society by, for example, increasing demands for goods and services that reflect good stewardship. Civil society plays crucial roles in ocean and coastal management and strongly affects the ability of both government and commercial interests to practice effective stewardship.
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From page 80... ...
With university consultants, the integrated coastal management team conducted a diagnosis of the state of Darién's coastal resources and the coastal communities' use of them. Through consultations with community groups, users, and leaders, the project team identified the priority needs of the coastal residents and the threats and vulnerabilities that coastal resources were ex periencing.
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From page 81... ...
The beneficial effects of the project include increased goodwill in the local community, which has led to improved surveillance of the MPA (for example, reporting of poaching activities) ; increased biodiversity protection of the mangrove forest and reefs around Wasini Island; and effective demonstration to the local communities of the nonextractive uses of marine ecosystems.
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From page 82... ...
Identifying potential leaders requires sensitivity to cultural conditions and idiosyn crasies. The development of leadership, even in sectors beyond those directly involved in ocean and coastal management, will create the conditions that enable improved ocean and coastal stewardship.
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From page 83... ...
By comparison, the approach to surveillance and enforcement at the Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve in México is a comanagement arrangement in which the ministries of the Navy, of Transportation and Communications, and of the Environment work cooperatively with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and fishing communities to support adequate enforcement.
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From page 84... ...
After deciding to close the prison on Asinara, the Italian government recognized its enormous opportunity to preserve a relatively unspoiled and highly diverse set of ecosys tems. The Asinara Marine Park was established by presidential decree in 2002; it encom passes 49 mi of coastline around the island and 41 mi2 of coastal waters.
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From page 85... ...
in the Asinara Marine Park (reprinted with permission from ICRAM)
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From page 86... ...
Such organizations as the National Biodiversity Commission, WWF, and The Nature Conservancy consider Banco Chinchorro an area of high priority. On July 19, 1996, the reserve was declared a natural protected area, and a management plan was developed in 2000.
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From page 87... ...
Training and mentoring leaders, even in sectors beyond those directly involved in ocean and coastal management, will create the talent pool required to enable improvements in ocean and coastal stewardship. The professional disciplines that support stewardship of oceans and coasts provide services and advice that have direct and substantial effects on society.
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From page 88... ...
It is time to open a discussion about professional governance that is consistent with the social relevance of the ocean and coastal stewardship professions.
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