The National Academies Press

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From page 3... ... In the 1920s, it stepped in to create a patent pool for all major American radio patents, and formed industrial giant RCA to serve as guarantor that leading edge radio technology would remain in American hands. PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 4... ... One explicit mission given to the land grant colleges was to serve in advancing the useful technical arts, and by the early twentieth century, many land grant schools -- MIT, for example -- had established important outreach programs that connected their fac ulty and students to industry. The role of the military in supporting technological development useful for defense had already been well established, but advances in medical technology had also played an important role during the Second World War, and after the war, a large scale program of research grants to universities PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 5... ... Japan's drive for industrialization and the adoption of Western technology led to the establish ment of its national university system and the founding of elite private universities, like Keio and Waseda, modeled after institutions their founders had observed abroad. World War II was enormously costly for Japan and Japanese industry, and much of the early postwar history of Japanese innovation policy marked a rebuilding of the institutions that had led its earlier drive to industrialization. Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... were the technology driver for the entire semiconductor industry -- the PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... firms as full members, and became the administrative home of a highly influential and innovative contribution to the global innovation system -- the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors -- that has since become a major force coordinating R&D across both industrial and national boundaries within the global semiconductor industry. A fourth development was a policy change within the National Science Foundation, which historically had marked a sharp boundary between pure academic research and more applied industrial research and development in its funding policies. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... The PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... The U.S. model of an innovation system has strongly influenced the development of Japanese innovation policy. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... SEMATECH effort seemed to produce results and the competitive fortunes of U.S. semiconductor producers rebounded, the Japanese semiconductor industry began a decline in the face of intensified global competition. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Today there exist organizations responsible for technology transfer at all universities with major scientific and engineering research capability. After national universities were incorporated in 2004, PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... . Initially the impetus for such change came from abroad: a U.S.-Japan PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... It was one source of delays in patent examination in Japan in the early 1990s. Even though it provided a mechanism for a third party to add valuable information on prior art, it also opened the door for a competitor to file opposition without substantial merit. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... The proliferation of patents and other intellectual property rights can deter rather than promote innovation, by hindering a firm from combining technologies efficiently, due to high transaction costs, holdup risk, and inefficiency in chains of vertical monopolies, given the difficulty of forming and coordinating coalitions to exploit elements of technology owned by different firms. concluSionS There have been significant changes in Japanese innovation policy since the 1990s, influenced by the perceived success of U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... The success of International SEMATECH in coordinating and accelerating global semiconductor innovation through the international semiconductor technology roadmap is a good example of how a global approach to coordinating private and public innovation investments can be effective. International sharing of databases and international coordination of patent examina tions among major national patent offices may also help improve the quality of patent examinations, worldwide, and contribute to an improved global innovation system. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... II OVERVIEW PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... PRePublication coPy Read the entire page →

From page 3...

... In the 1920s, it stepped in to create a patent pool for all major American radio patents, and formed industrial giant RCA to serve as guarantor that leading edge radio technology would remain in American hands. PRePublication coPy