Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies A Focus on Hydrogen (2008) / Chapter Skim
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7 A Budget Roadmap
7 A Budget Roadmap
Pages 93-102
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From page 93... ...
funding, both by the federal government and by technologies developed in the Hydrogen Success case is prothe private sector that would be required for a transition to jected to be nearly 2 million. Spending beyond 2020 would hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HCFVs)
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From page 94... ...
The biomass and coal gasification it optionally produces pure hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. demo costs are in the centralized production demo line of Therefore, the cost to demonstrate hydrogen from coal Table 7.2.
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From page 95... ...
These nine mates the total private and government funding that would be companies are Fuel Cell Energy, Quantum Fuel Systems, required to support a transition to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, Plug Power, Medis Technology, Distributed Energy Sys- in addition to the RD&D funding estimated above. These tems, Hoku Scientific, Mechanical Technology, PolyFuel, budget estimates were prepared for activities that would and Protonex.
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From page 96... ...
Units Hydrogen production plants: Natural gas on-site SMR $2.6 2,110 $34 22,000 $122 79,000 stations Central coal plants with CO2 0 0 $18.2 20 $80 79 capture and sequestration Central biomass plants 0 0 $13.5 93 $19 131 Central natural gas SMR 0 0 0 0 0 0 $2.6 $66 $221 Total production plant capital cost $2.6 2,110 $25 56,000 $74 180,000 Refueling stations Delivery system (dollars and 0 0 $48 39,000 $120 80,000 H2 pipelines; pipeline miles) 5,000 CO2 pipelines Total cumulative capital costs $2.6 $139 $415 some of these costs would be borne by government programs infrastructure to supply hydrogen to those vehicles also were during the transition period required for fuel cell vehicles to estimated, as well as the O&M costs of the infrastructure become competitive in the marketplace.
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From page 97... ...
Note that since the budget roadmap of Figure 7.1 shows 45 40 35 H2 supply operating Billions $2005 per year H2 supply capital cost 30 Fuel cell vehicle cost 25 20 FIGURE 7.1 Total annual expenditures for vehicles and hydrogen supply for transition to 15 the breakeven year for the Hydrogen Success 10 case, excluding RD&D costs. The cumulative cost, shared by government and industry, to 5 tals $184 billion, of which 91 percent is the cost of fuel cell vehicles and 9 percent is the 0 cost of hydrogen supply (about half for infra structure costs and half for additional operat 08 09 22 20 23 21 10 16 18 19 12 13 15 14 17 11 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ing costs, mainly natural gas feedstock)
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From page 98... ...
For reference, this is practicable transition to HFCVs (based on the Hydrogen about half the number of new vehicles currently purchased 8 7 6 Billions $2005 per year H2 supply capital cost 5 Incremental vehicle cost FIGURE 7.2 Annual government expen- 4 ditures through the transition to 2023. Estimated expenditures are based only on the 3 incremental costs of fuel cell vehicles over conventional vehicles, plus the capital cost 2 for hydrogen infrastructure, for the Hydrogen Success scenario (excluding RD&D costs)
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From page 99... ...
Although the committee did not here apply only to the transition period through 2023, the attempt to estimate the potential role of non-U.S. investments successful introduction of fuel cell vehicles would involve in HFCV technologies, it is aware that major efforts outside substantial additional expenditures -- primarily by the pri the United States are currently under way and could have a vate sector -- for infrastructure, energy resources, and other significant influence on the development and cost of a transi- requirements of a full-scale HFCV-based transportation tion to HFCVs in this country.
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From page 100... ...
Total Cumulative Cost, Average Cost per HFCV on Cost Elements 2008-2023 Road 2008-2023a "Base vehicle" cost of conventional vehicles $128 billion $23,000 Average incremental fuel cell vehicle cost relative to conventional gasoline vehicles $40 billion $7,000b Total purchase cost of fuel cell vehicles $168 billion $30,000c Infrastructure capital cost for hydrogen supply $8 billion $1,500 Total operating cost for hydrogen supply $8 billion $1,500 Total cost of hydrogen supply $16 billion $3,000 Total cost for vehicles and hydrogen fuel supply $184 billion $33,000 Estimated government share of total vehicle and hydrogen fuel supply cost $50 billion $8,500 Government RD&D funding $5 billion $1,000 Private RD&D funding $11 billion $2,000 Total funding for government and private RD&D $16 billion $3,000 Total cost for vehicles, hydrogen, and all RD&D $200 billiond $36,000 Estimated government share of total cost for vehicles, hydrogen, and RD&D $55 billion $9,500 aRounded estimates based on 5.54 million HFCVs on the road in 2023. bThe final (learned-out)
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From page 101... ...
sufficient professional and skilled labor resources available It is possible that beyond 2025, when the committee's to achieve the growth in fuel cell vehicles reflected in the projections envision the construction of large facilities for scenarios developed by the committee. Numerous recent central generation of hydrogen, as well as pipeline delivery reports have highlighted concerns about the availability of systems, labor force constraints may become more critical, critical skills and trained personnel resources, particularly in but the committee is reluctant to speculate on that possibility the energy arena.
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From page 102... ...
2007. ��������������������������� Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Inand fuel cell industry is coming from special task groups set frastructure Technologies Program.
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