Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Chapter 4 from the 2006 NRC Report *Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel*
Appendix A: Chapter 4 from the 2006 NRC Report *Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel*
Pages 85-110
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From page 85... ...
Appendix A Chapter 4 from the 2006 NRC Report Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel 85
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From page 86... ...
information the U.S. Army might obtain or generate on Detonation-type destruction technologies rely on the ability the performance of these technologies would certainly be of the energy from explosive charges within a containment helpful in obtaining regulatory approvals to deploy such vessel to efficiently destroy recovered chemical munitions technologies.
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From page 87... ...
In evaluating detonation-type components: the detonation chamber, an expansion chamber, technologies, the degree of agent destruction in the actual and an emissions control unit, the latter comprising a particle detonation event should be measured. Of course, permits filter and a bank of activated carbon adsorption beds (NRC, and regulatory approvals of such systems will typically 2002)
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From page 88... ...
The floor of the chamber is covered Current TC-25 and TC-60 Chemical Munitions with pea gravel, which absorbs some of the blast energy. The Destruction Units gravel is renewed periodically because it fractures during the The CDC T-10 model tested in Belgium can treat comexplosions.
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From page 89... ...
6 oxidizes carbon monoxide and organic vapors adsorption bed.8 from the gas stream prior to venting through a two-stage carbon adsorption bed system. MINICAMS7 monitoring of 6A CATOX unit facilitates the oxidation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and volatile organic compounds contained in an air stream such as that collects an air sample, performs an analysis, and reports the result.
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From page 90... ...
Process Maturity The DE achieved by the detonation alone appeared to be above 99 percent, as measured by the postdetonation envi The use of the CDC to destroy chemical munitions has ronment in the Belgian tests (De Bisschop and Blades, 2002)
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From page 91... ...
After detonation and cooling of the chamber, vendor that this process hazards analysis had been reviewed the workers had to prepare the chamber for reloading despite the presence of traces of agent on the chamber walls and 12 Brint Bixler, CH2MHILL, responses to committee questions of the pea gravel. Preparation for weekly maintenance opera- February 6, 2006.
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From page 92... ...
is the EDS-2, which, like the CDC, performs the complete Public concerns in the United States about using the sequence of accessing the chemical agent, destroying the CDC to treat chemical munitions are not known at this time. agent, and yielding solid debris that may be disposed of by a However, the extensive U.S.
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From page 93... ...
Agent controlled detonation system for the disposal of chemical emissions during normal operations appear to have been munitions.15 DAVINCH technology was developed by the completely eliminated. Japanese company Kobe Steel, a manufacturer of large The basic design and operating principles of the CDC are steel pressure vessels.
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From page 94... ...
High-speed mixing of chemical agent with detonation 2 nd step gas at high pressure and high temperature Thermal decomposition by the long-lasting fireball of 3rd step 2000 C for 0.5 sec. FIGURE 4-2 DAVINCH three-stage destruction mechanism.
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From page 95... ...
explosion containment capacity of 65 kg TNT-equivalent. The initial shock wave from the detonation of explosives Munitions to be destroyed in a DAVINCH vessel are increases the pressure in the inner vessel to up to thousands placed in a box one munition per box with spacers at each of atmospheres (10 gigapascals)
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From page 96... ...
The DAVINCH DV45 unit has been used in Japan, at Kanda Port, to dispose of 600 World War II chemical Process Efficacy/Throughput bombs, some containing a lewisite/mustard agent mix and others containing vomiting agents (Lefebvre et al., 2005a; DAVINCH technology appears to be well suited for Asahina et al., 2005; Asahina, 2005)
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From page 97... ...
The DAVINCH footprint, including the Yellow bombs per shot with an average cycle time of detonation vessel, gas treatment, lab space, and personnel 150 minutes, or 3.2 shots per 8-hour day. Over a 3.5-month support, is a rectangle having dimensions of about 80 meters period, 600 bombs were destroyed in 250 shots; an average of by 60 meters, based on the Kanda Port experience.
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From page 98... ...
Context by the manufacturer, can be used for at least 1,000 shots. DAVINCH technology has not been permitted for use in Because the munition fragments tend to strike the vessel destroying chemical weapons in the United States, although walls in the same general area following each shot, the liner it has been used successfully in Japan for this purpose.
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From page 99... ...
The DAVINCH technology uses a large detonation chamber in which chemical munitions and their contents are destroyed when donor charges surrounding the munitions Secondary Waste Issues are detonated under a near vacuum. Although the process The waste streams produced by the DAVINCH technol- does not require use of a reagent to destroy the agent the ogy are (1)
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From page 100... ...
provided in Table 4-6. It is probably not cost effective to dispose of items unlikely Chemical munitions are placed in a cardboard box or carto contain agent, e.g., containers that have been previously rier, preferably by robot but if need be, manually.
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From page 101... ...
Scrap Pre-Heater Scrap Bin Scrap Sorting/Inspection FIGURE 4-4 Dynasafe static destruction kiln process flow. SOURCE: Harley Heaton, UXB International, Inc., April 10, 2006.
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Using treatment steps may include use of a quench tower to cool the this experience as a basis, the Dynasafe static kiln has been gases to prevent dioxins and furans from forming, as well as modified to destroy chemical munitions and was doing so various scrubbers and equipment to capture fine particulates at the above-mentioned German government facility in and to remove heavy metals and metallic oxides. The use of Munster, Germany, when this report was being prepared.
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From page 103... ...
non-stockpile chemical munitions, it containing agent simulants has been conducted to demonappears to have the capability to do so since many of these strate accessing and destruction of the agent simulant in the munitions are within the size and explosive containment munitions. capabilities of the largest Dynasafe unit, the SK2000, and The technical director at GEKA has stated that the worst contain the same mustard agent fill found in the munitions case would be one in which a munition containing neither being destroyed in Munster.
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From page 104... ...
TNT-equivalent, the The average throughput rate will include the periodic SK2000 can accept at least 20 loads per hour, a cycle time multihour clean-burning period, when munitions are not of 3 minutes per load. The throughput rate for operation with fed into the detonation chamber, and the scrap metal in the chemical munitions will be less and will depend on how the bottom of the chamber is heated to 550 C-650 C to meet Dynasafe is operated, the explosive loading, and the compo- general population limit (GPL)
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From page 105... ...
Context As noted above, pyrolysis in the detonation chamber is to be followed by offgas treatment, including, as needed, Although Dynasafe has not been permitted for use in the a cyclone, a combustion chamber, a quench tank, and United States for chemical munitions, it will be undergoing various scrubbers and filters. This offgas treatment process, extensive operational use with German chemical munitions although standard, is fairly complex when compared to other and will be required to meet all European Union environdetonation-based technologies, and its reliability, cost, and mental regulations.
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From page 106... ...
, the Dynasafe static kiln demonstrates the ability to safely and effectively access the agent in such munitions, Process Cost Issues destroy the chemical agents inside, and process secondary Although no quantitative cost information was avail- wastes, then it could be a viable technology for use in disposable to the committee, qualitative factors indicate that the ing of U.S. non-stockpile chemical munitions.
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From page 107... ...
The experience that a given suppliers of detonation chambers indicated that they will be type of system has accumulated in processing conven- able to comply with the requirements of the ASME Code for tional and chemical munitions is a significant factor pressure vessels subjected to intermittent impact loadings. indicator in the choice of technology.
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From page 108... ...
, sample mode) : hold and test in 750-lb bomb if most of chemical munitions throughput rates are expansion tank agent is drained first 20/day for 8-in.
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From page 109... ...
Finding 4-5. The Dynasafe static kiln technology has been demonstrated to be effective in destroying small conven tional munitions and explosives, small chemical munitions FINDINgs aND ReCOMMeNDaTIONs containing explosives, and in destroying some chemical Finding 4-1.
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From page 110... ...
Army Edgewood Chemical-Biological Command. SK2000: Its Application for Old Chemical Munitions Destruction at DeMil International.
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