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12 Transportation Planning for Evacuations--John C. Falcocchio
12 Transportation Planning for Evacuations--John C. Falcocchio
Pages 104-115
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From page 104... ...
Effective evacuations require reliable transportation systems capable of moving people out of the danger zone and into safety in a timely manner. This paper addresses the transportation issues to be considered in evacuation planning and highlights the challenges that must be met to develop effective evacuation plans.
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From page 105... ...
There is little doubt that transportation agencies need to reexamine their mission statements with the objective of making emergency evacuation planning an integral part of their work programs. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY PLANNING FRAMEWORK Transportation planning for evacuations is an integrative process of coordinating key functions of transportation agencies, first responders, different jurisdictions, and different levels of government.
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From page 106... ...
Etc. Infrastructure Guideways, Societal Terminals, Transportation System Employees Values Vehicles, Customers Controls, Power Performance Measures Risk Assessment Infrastructure Expected $ Losses / Damage to Employees Existing Vulnerability Life and/or Infrastructure Customers General Public Financial Strategies & Policies that Reduce $ Losses/ Resources Damage to Life and/or Infrastructure Preventive Strategies Protective Strategies Response Strategies Recovery Strategies & Policies & Policies & Policies & Policies Security Performance Measures Evaluate and Select Strategies Criteria Transportation, Economic Plan Maintenance & Social Criteria Plan Adoption FIGURE 12-1 Transportation security planning framework.
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From page 107... ...
Configuration of the Highway Network The transportation network needs to provide sufficient capacity to serve the demands of evacuation -- for the evacuees as well as first responders. This requires establishing evacuation corridors and maintaining lane continuity along major expressways.
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From page 108... ...
For example, New York City, Houston, and New Orleans could develop a network of ESLs with highway-to-highway connectivity and central business district coverage to meet disaster management needs. Currently, these cities lack design and operational connectivity, although Houston has made some progress in developing direct ramps to achieve connectivity.
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From page 109... ...
It is important, therefore, for transportation planners to consider the needs of emergency evacuation in locating traffic sensors and other information devices for traffic management. This can only happen when transportation planners work closely with emergency personnel in the planning and management of transportation systems.
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From page 110... ...
Transportation agencies with extensive traffic management capabilities are not adequately involved with the police departments in the preparation of such plans. In most cities the police are not
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From page 111... ...
In fact, police officers rely on manual traffic control and tend to override the signal-timing patterns in place. Such lack of knowledge on the part of the police contributes to inefficiency in transportation response and unnecessary traffic delays to the evacuees.
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From page 112... ...
An example of how transportation professionals can help in managing emergencies was demonstrated in New York City, where the Traffic Management Center was able to provide emergency-access-only lanes on the city's highways during the September 11, 2001, emergency.11 In addition to the need for integrating police and transportation personnel in emergency response functions, it is also necessary to coordinate the use of transportation resources with those of adjoining political jurisdictions as traffic from the movement of evacuees spills outside the disaster area (for example, Hurricane Katrina)
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From page 113... ...
• Ramp management: Closing ramps at critical locations along expressways and highways may be necessary during an evacuation to ensure maximum capacity on the evacuation routes. The transportation agency and the police should coordinate ramp location policies along the evacuation routes.
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From page 114... ...
CONCLUSIONS Effective evacuation planning is dependent on a functioning transportation system during emergencies. Such a requirement may only be met if we rethink some of the traditional practices for transportation system planning and create a collaborative environment among transportation planners and first responders and between various levels of governments and jurisdictions.
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From page 115... ...
2003. Maintaining highway mobility during emergency: NYC highways implementation post September 11.
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