Countering Terrorism Biological Agents, Transportation Networks, and Energy Systems: Summary of a U.S.-Russian Workshop (2009) / Chapter Skim
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19 The Phenomenon of Suicide Bombings in Israel: Lessons Learned--Mordecai Z. Dzikansky
19 The Phenomenon of Suicide Bombings in Israel: Lessons Learned--Mordecai Z. Dzikansky
Pages 189-199
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From page 189... ...
However, this mode of attack remains the most lethal. Additionally, despite the drop in attacks, there has been significant escalation on the ground of threat levels and the number of attempts to dispatch suicide bombers.
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From page 190... ...
There have been numerous occasions in Israel where suicide bombers either changed their target or aborted a pending attack because of circumstances at the initial site. Examples include the following: Jerusalem, September 9, 2003: A suicide bomber attempted to enter a o pizzeria (Pizza Meter)
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From page 191... ...
Since he noticed a strong presence of security guards stationed at the mall entrance, the bomber doubled back and detonated his device in the crosswalk instead of at the mall. Note that bombers tend to strike in areas that are familiar to them or to their handlers and will at times risk travel to that specific target (for example, attacking a target near a restaurant where the bomber was formerly employed)
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From page 192... ...
During the peak period of attacks, certain changes in the behavior of segments of the population were initially noted. People avoided dining out despite an enforced law that restaurants of certain size must have security guards posted at their entrance; parents drove children to school instead of sending them on public city buses; people altered their schedules to avoid being in crowds.
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From page 193... ...
• Tel Aviv, April 30, 2003: A suicide terrorist blew himself up at the entrance to Mike's Place, a pub-café on the Tel Aviv promenade. Three civilians were murdered and more than 50 were wounded in the attack, which was perpetrated by 22-year-old British citizen Asif Muhammad Hanif.
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From page 194... ...
, hesitation in speaking or unresponsiveness The following actions are also indicators: • Attempting to stay away from security personnel • Waiting in one specific point or observing a particular area • Moving in search of a safe place suspiciously • Two or more people communicating with each other while trying not to be noticed While any of these suspicious actions warrant a search, the bottom line is that if trained security feels uncomfortable with an individual, appropriate action must be taken. It has been seen on numerous occasions that thorough checks, whether visual or by metal detectors, have been successful in identifying suicide bombers before they enter the target location.
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From page 195... ...
The bomber is typically disguised or dressed to blend in with the specific targeted environment. Following are examples from several attacks in Israel where different camouflage methods were used: • Bus Bombings: In 2003 and 2004 there were eight suicide bombing attacks on public city buses.
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From page 196... ...
Until the construction of the security fence between Israel and areas of the Palestinian Authority, terrorists had almost unhindered entry into Israel because the area had no borders or natural obstacles. According to statistics provided by the Israeli security services, since the August 2003 completion of the first section of the security fence and buffer zone, there has been a drastic reduction in the number of suicide bombings.
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From page 197... ...
Once the whole project is completed, the portion of the concrete sections will be 6 percent, approximately 30 kilometers. • Various observation systems installed along the fence alerting authorities to attempted intrusions before they can be carried out • IDF and Border Police units deployed along the security fence under the command of the IDF Security Services The decline in the number of suicide bombing attacks is the result of many factors, the foremost being the successful counterterrorist activities of the Israeli security forces.
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From page 198... ...
They carry out the following activities: • Deploying police resources to search aggressively for the bomber or device and alert private security companies in the targeted region • Setting up strategic auto checkpoints • Securing or blocking off a suspected area, including closing down highways and blocking city entrances and exits • Alerting the public to the situation If a suicide bombing attack does occur, the INP is responsible for overseeing and coordinating the entire operation at the scene (emergency medical services, fire, ZAKA [voluntary emergency response teams] , city services, the media, and so forth)
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From page 199... ...
Israel's Security Fence 20032007. Information available online at www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/default.htm.
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