Countering Terrorism Biological Agents, Transportation Networks, and Energy Systems: Summary of a U.S.-Russian Workshop (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
10 Emerging Viral Infections in the Asian Part of Russia--Sergei V. Netesov and Natalya A. Markovich
10 Emerging Viral Infections in the Asian Part of Russia--Sergei V. Netesov and Natalya A. Markovich
Pages 79-94
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 79... ...
Markovich, Federal State Research Institution���������������� ������������������������������������ -- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector The so-called emerging infections are primarily the result of increased human activities such as international and domestic trade, tourism, industrialization and its consequences, and, to a lesser extent, climate change, which are detailed in this paper. The stages of emergence and spread of highly pathogenic subtype H5 avian influenza virus over the territory of Russia in 2005-2007 are considered, as well as the corresponding measures of its control.
|
From page 80... ...
Veterinarians began detecting disease in wild birds and later in domesticated birds at many sites in western Siberia and reported their findings to the local Rosselkhoznadzor offices. In particular, analogous epizootics were recorded in July-August 2005 in wild birds and subsequently in domesticated species in Altai Krai and Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Omsk, and Kurgan oblasts, as well as in Pavlodar Oblast in Kazakhstan (Lipatov et al., 2007)
|
From page 81... ...
Rosselkhoznadzor officers are shown. 81 landscape
|
From page 82... ...
The sequence of events for diagnosis of the disease and study of the properties of avian influenza virus strains in Russia in July 2006 was as follows: • July 11, 2006: A gamekeeper from the village of Suzdalka and a veterinary officer from Dovolnoye Region reported to the regional office of Rosselkhoznadzor about a mass mortality of wild birds on Suzdalka Lake. • July 15, 2006: The first recording of the mass mortality event among domesticated birds in the village of Suzdalka, Novosibirsk Oblast, was made; the first team from the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector was sent to Suzdalka.
|
From page 83... ...
Analogous outbreaks were recorded during 2005 in northern Mongolia and northeastern China, that is, in the particular territories crossed by migratory flyways from China to Kazakhstan and Russia. The epizootics in Novosibirsk Oblast and other oblasts of the southern part of western Siberia were virtually stopped by August 2005 by exterminating the sick birds and their avian contacts in the villages and subsequently disinfecting the farmsteads and preventing domesticated birds from coming into contact with wild aquatic birds.
|
From page 84... ...
84 SWEDEN FINLAND POLAND BELARUS Moscow UKRAINE S I B E R I A N F E D E R A L D I S T R I C T TURKEY MONGOLIA IRAQ UZBEKISTAN TURKMENISTAN IRAN CHINA AFGHANISTAN FIGURE 10-2 Flyways of the fall migration of migratory birds crossing the territory of Siberian Federal District.
|
From page 85... ...
In March 2006, cases of avian influenza were recorded in both wild and domesticated birds in open-type individual and collective farms in Dagestan and Krasnodar Krai, where more than 1 million birds were killed to stop the spread of the epizootic. Influenza outbreaks among wild birds were recorded in March in Georgia and in western Kazakhstan (the city of Aktau)
|
From page 86... ...
. That summer, additional outbreaks were noted in European Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria; Chechen Republic; the republics of Adygeya, Dagestan, and Kalmykia; Stavropol and Krasnodar krais; and Astrakhan, Volgograd, and Rostov oblasts, where mortality was observed both among wild and domesticated birds on individual farms)
|
From page 87... ...
Consequently, an avian influenza virus strain pathogenic for humans probably could have been circulating in Siberia at that time; perhaps the population of western Siberia was just lucky to avoid human influenza cases caused by the H5subtype influenza virus. Note that all severe respiratory disease cases at least in Novosibirsk Oblast and in neighboring regions of western Siberia in 2005-2006 were thoroughly monitored.
|
From page 88... ...
Organs (in lg of titer) Virus strain EID lg���50 MID lg���50 MLD lg���50 Lungs Spleen Brain Liver Kidneys A/Gs/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 9.2 2.2 2.3 6.1 1.6 5.2 1.6 2.6 A/Tk/Suzdalka/1-12/05 9.3 5.3 6.3 4.1 <1 2.3 <1 <1 A/VN/1204*
|
From page 89... ...
In 2007, avian influenza outbreaks were recorded only in the European part of Russia: • The Republic of Adygeya in Krasnodar Krai: There were several outbreaks among domesticated birds on individual farms in January-February, with the recovered strains shown to be closely related to strains isolated in Azerbaijan and Turkey in the fall of 2006. • Nine regions of Moscow Oblast in February (in domestic fowl kept in yards)
|
From page 90... ...
However, it should be kept in mind that avian influenza is not the only emerging disease and that migratory birds are only one potential source for the appearance and spread of emerging infections. Other possible sources are discussed in the following sections.
|
From page 91... ...
CLIMATE CHANGE (WEST NILE AND JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES IN SIBERIA) Global warming and resulting climate change creates conditions appropriate for reproduction of more southern insect species on territories with previously severe climate, and these insect species that are new to particular areas appear able to transmit diseases that have not been transmitted by the insects that have long inhabited these areas.
|
From page 92... ...
UNINTENTIONAL CREATION OF NEW CONDITIONS FOR PROPAGATION OF ANIMALS AND INSECTS It is known that dog and wolf populations in trash dumps increase rapidly if not controlled, thereby allowing for reproduction of dangerous diseases such as rabies. Unfortunately, this situation has occurred recently in several cities of western Siberia, and only intensive control of stray dogs has reduced the number of infected animals in the neighborhoods of these cities.
|
From page 93... ...
This is also very important for European countries, as migratory birds during one season transfer the pathogens reproducing in them over vast territories. One of the most important rest stops and nesting grounds for birds migrating to Eurasia is located in the southern part of western Siberia (Chany Lake and other lakes of Altai Krai and Omsk and Novosibirsk oblasts)
|
From page 94... ...
Species composition of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) and possibility of the West Nile virus natural foci formation in the south of Western Siberia.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.