Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions (2008) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Proposed Planning Model for Establishing Nutrition Standards for School Meals
5 Proposed Planning Model for Establishing Nutrition Standards for School Meals
Pages 89-104
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 89... ...
the setting of nutrient intake targets for school meals, (2) the setting of food intake targets for school meals, and (3)
|
From page 90... ...
Unless efforts are made to target children in the tails of a nutrient intake distribution, the shape of the distribution will not change if the median intake is changed. Specific assumptions of the proposed planning model for foods 1.
|
From page 91... ...
, the DRIs should now be the basis for assessing and planning the nutrient intakes by population groups, such as schoolchildren. An appropriate planning model for the derivation of the Nutrition Standards for school meals considers the nutrition needs of the entire population of schoolchildren rather than the needs of specific individuals (IOM, 2003)
|
From page 92... ...
The committee recognizes that the current census data may not support these specific categories: • Prekindergarten–grade 4: ages 4–8 years • Grades 5–8: ages 9–13 years • Grades 9–12: ages 14–18 years Planning Nutrient Intakes for Heterogeneous Even when the nutrient needs of schoolchildren are divided according to the age-grade categories listed above, the nutrient needs differ for the children within the two older groups because requirements differ by gender after age 8 years. The DRI age and gender groups are 4–8 years of age for both males and females, ages 9–13 years for males, ages 9–13 years for females, ages 14–18 years for males, and ages 14–18 years for females.
|
From page 93... ...
With either approach, it is important to examine the projected distribution of daily nutrient intakes around the target DRIs to ensure that very few, if any, would be above the UL, and thus at risk of being excessive (as discussed later in the section, Applying the Dietary Reference Intakes to Reduce the Prevalence of Intakes at Risk of Being Excessive)
|
From page 94... ...
However, given the variability of calorie needs within these categories, during Phase II the committee will also consider specifying a range of energy intakes within these age-grade categories. To gain perspective on the current calorie standards, the committee estimated the extent to which the current standard for the calorie content of school lunches (see Appendix H)
|
From page 95... ...
One assumption that could be made in developing recommendations for revisions to the Nutrition Standards is that any changes in the school meals will be directly reflected in the total daily intake. If this assumption is correct, then alteration of the nutrient content of the school meals would shift the distribution of usual nutrient intakes without changing the shape of the
|
From page 96... ...
and could be used as the basis for the establishment of Nutrition Standards for school meals. For example, assume that the EAR for a hypothetical nutrient is 10 milligrams (mg)
|
From page 97... ...
(A) Baseline usual nutrient intake distribution, in which the prevalence of inadequate intake (percentage below the EAR)
|
From page 98... ...
. b TMI is defined as the median of the target usual intake distribution; for illustrative purposes, the TMIs shown here are calculated as reported median intake + (EAR – intake at 5th percentile)
|
From page 99... ...
. Thus, if the revised Nutrition Standards for school meals are based on a TMI, the resulting daily intakes are likely to be below the current usual intakes for several nutrients, especially for the younger age groups.
|
From page 100... ...
. Proposed Method for Setting Nutrient Intake Targets for School Meals On the basis of earlier guidance from the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2003)
|
From page 101... ...
, the committee used a new approach to investigate the applicability of basing food intake targets on MyPyramid. In particular, the committee compared the amount of nutrients provided by MyPyramid intake patterns to TMIs, which, as described above, would reduce the predicted prevalence of nutrient inadequacy to an acceptable level.
|
From page 102... ...
Comparison of MyPyramid Intake Patterns with Current School Meal Requirements To compare the amounts of food specified by the MyPyramid food intake pattern with the current school meal requirements for a school lunch, the committee divided the total daily MyPyramid amounts for selected calorie levels by three. (By law, school lunch must provide one-third of a day's intake of calories and nutrients.)
|
From page 103... ...
Staying within these recommendations may require greatly decreasing or eliminating the use of foods that are high in fats and added sugars. SUMMARY: COMBINING THE NUTRIENT INTAKE AND FOOD INTAKE TARGETS Although the committee recognizes the need for nutrient intake targets, the process for setting nutrient intake targets described in this chapter involves many assumptions.
|
From page 104... ...
As with any method of planning school meals, it would be necessary to assess the children's actual nutrient intakes after changes are implemented by USDA to determine if the planning objectives have been achieved. The school meal food targets would be supplemented with selected school meal nutrient targets for nutrients such as sodium, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and a target for added sugars.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.