Live Variola Virus Considerations for Continuing Research (2009) / Chapter Skim
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2 Overview of Smallpox and Its Surveillance and Control
2 Overview of Smallpox and Its Surveillance and Control
Pages 19-26
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Historically, the virus was transmitted primarily through aerosolization of respiratory secretions, as well as by direct contact with skin lesions or exposure to contaminated bedding or clothing. For variola major, transmission occurred mainly to close contacts because 19
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All rights reserved. Other images provided by WHO, NIH, the American Registry of Pathology.
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Table 2-1 summarizes the timeline for smallpox eradication. Surveillance And control The 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States reminded the world that a biological agent could be used as a weapon of terror and made the research agenda for high-consequence pathogens such as variola a national priority (Lane et al., 2001)
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One key to implementing effective disease control strategies for a pathogen such as variola is prompt and accurate detection, either directly by identifying the biological agent or indirectly by methods that demonstrate the host's response to the suspected pathogen (Fraser et al., 2004)
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Similar protocols exist elsewhere in the world. The last decade has seen considerable efforts to develop next-generation smallpox vaccines, and progress has been made in the development and licensure of live attenuated vaccinia-based vaccines utilizing modern production techniques (Monath et al., 2004; Vollmar et al., 2006; Wiser et al., 2007; Artenstein, 2008; Greenberg and Kennedy, 2008)
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2008. Acute generalized vesicular or pustular rash illness testing protocol in the United States.
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-- a second generation smallpox vaccine for biological defense. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 8(Suppl.
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The Journal of the American Medical Association 289(24)
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