Oceanography in 2025 Proceedings of a Workshop (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Submesoscale Variability of the Upper Ocean: Patchy and Episodic Fluxes Into and Through Biologically Active Layers--Daniel Rudnick, Mary Jane Perry, John J. Cullen, Bess Ward, and Kenneth S. Johnson
Submesoscale Variability of the Upper Ocean: Patchy and Episodic Fluxes Into and Through Biologically Active Layers--Daniel Rudnick, Mary Jane Perry, John J. Cullen, Bess Ward, and Kenneth S. Johnson
Pages 107-110
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From page 107... ...
As a practical matter, almost all human interaction with the ocean is in the upper ocean, including transportation, fishing, and national defense. Communication with the atmosphere takes place through the upper ocean, so studies of air-sea interaction of all scales from squalls to climate require knowledge of upper ocean processes.
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From page 108... ...
Phytoplankton within this layer typically have higher cellular chlorophyll concentrations that compensates for low light; consequently this layer may or may not also be a particle maximum layer. The subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer is a persistent feature of tropical and subtropical oceans and is a seasonal feature in many mid- to high-latitude oceanic and coastal regions, developing after nutrients in surface waters are depleted by the phytoplankton spring bloom.
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From page 109... ...
Do episodic events that are difficult to sample by conventional, shipboard programs control this biological production, which represents a major component of the ocean carbon cycle? With the continued improvement in biogeochemical sensors, fluorescence measurements and molecular probes that assess short term physiological responses to nutrient pulses, the near future holds promise for the solution of this problem, as biological and chemical variables are measured on the same scales as physical variables (centimeters to meters vertically, over deployments long enough to detect episodic events that may occur on time scales of seconds to minutes at intervals of hours to days)
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From page 110... ...
Summary The fluxes causing the layered structure of the upper ocean are likely be quantified within the next 15 years. Observations using new biological and chemical sensors will pave the way, as biogeochemical and physical variables are resolved at the same length and time scales.
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