Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities (2009) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 8-14
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From page 8... ...
The National Research Council (NRC) Board on At the facilities where chemical agents are being Army Science and Technology has provided advice and destroyed, effluent gas streams pass through large acti- guidance to the Army's program for chemical stockpile vated carbon filters before venting to ensure that any destruction since its inception more than two decades residual trace vapors of agents and other pollutants do ago and is very familiar with the technical, safety, not escape into the atmosphere in exceedance of regu- health, and operational aspects of processes used for latory limits. Most of these adsorber units have never destroying chemical agents and munitions.
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From page 9... ...
ing the chemical synthesis; HD is the distilled product Public Law 102-484 of 1993 mandated destruction of H, nominally pure mustard agent; and HT is a mix- of the entire chemical weapons stockpile and required ture of H with T, a related compound, which provides a the Secretary of the Army to evaluate potential altereutectic that lowers its freezing point below cold winter natives to the Army's baseline disassembly and incintemperatures because pure mustard agent freezes at eration process, considering whether -- initially for a 14.5°C. These chemical agents and munitions were low-volume site -- the application of such alternatives stored at nine sites, eight of them in the continental could complete demilitarization operations by DecemUnited States and one at Johnston Atoll in the Pacific, ber 31, 2004, the deadline set at that time, in a sigabout 700 miles southwest of Hawaii.
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From page 10... ...
of the MDB, where the energetic materials are chemical agent disposal facility using incineration removed from the particular type of munition being technology. Differences in configuration exist because processed -- projectile, mortar, mine, or bomb.
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From page 11... ...
energetics, are housed in the MDB, which has a cas- In summation, carbon filters are used extensively at cading HVAC system designed to move ventilation air all of the Army's chemical agent disposal facilities to from clean, uncontaminated areas to areas of increasing protect workers and the public from the remote posagent contamination in the MDB. The HVAC system sibility that chemical agent in air or gas streams might then discharges the air through banks of activated be released to the environment.
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From page 12... ...
12 DISPOSAL OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES Munitions Used Carbon from Stockpile Control Room Ambient Air Filter Munitions Unpack Area Demilitarization Building Munitions V Ventilation Disassembly e Air Operations n t i Energetics l Metal Agent a + Metal HVAC Used Parts t Parts i Filter Carbon Agent o Farm ACS Collection n Metal Parts Deactivation Filter Tank Furnace Furnace D Scrap u Liquid c Metal Incineration t i Chamber n g Used Carbon Pollution Abatement Systems Used PAS Filtration Carbon Filters Stack Laboratory, Site Maintenance Facility, Mechanical Inlet Air Exhaust Air Maintenance Facility, Carbon Filter Carbon Filter Electrical Maintenance Facility. and Personnel and Maintenance Building Used Carbon FIGURE 1-2.eps FIGURE 1-2 Sources of used carbon in a typical chemical agent disposal facility.
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From page 13... ...
If the carbon has not als Agency (CMA) that use activated carbon and consider been exposed to agent, it is called "unexposed carbon." the overall quantity and characteristics of the CMA HVAC Any carbon that has been exposed to agent is called secondary wastes "exposed carbon." As discussed in Chapter 4, because • assess the current plans and path forward for contaminated the chemical agent degrades and forms hydrolysis prod carbon management and disposition at Army chemical agent disposal facilities ucts with the adsorbed moisture, exposed carbon may • evaluate commercial and established industry alternatives or may not contain agent.
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From page 14... ...
Chapter 3 assesses the Army's past experience with the disposal discusses the regulatory issues that impact the usage of used carbon and the disposition options available and disposal of carbon. Chapter 4 describes adsorption for used carbon from chemical agent disposal facility fundamentals and discusses the chemistry and fate of operations.
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