Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards, Updated Version (2011) / Chapter Skim
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From page 313... ...
gastrointestinal tract, 58 151, 153 allergic response to, 61 prevention, 124, 179 liability consequences, 6, 102, chemical hoods and exhaust radiation, 81 116 systems, 139, 214, 224, 226, respiratory tract, 57, 124, 166, misuse of materials, 7 233-234, 236, 240, 242, 254 179 MSDS information, 50 cleaning with, 73, 86, 138, skin, 55, 58, 60, 62, 124, 139, plant-scale, 139 139-140 166, 179 preparation for, 107, 110, 125, corrosivity, 190, 245 Academic laboratories 130, 150, 153, 158, 160, 299 decontamination concerns, 254 Chemical Hygiene Officer, 16 prevention, 16-17, 21, 86, 87, digestion bombs for chemical hygiene 95, 110, 113, 140, 141, 150, microwaves, 159 responsibilities, 16-17, 187 151, 155, 216, 302 dilution/dilute, 17, 137, 138, culture of safety, 2, 3-4, 5, 6 regulations, 272, 281, 299 140, 189, 209 department chairperson or reporting and record keeping, drying with, 140 director, 16-17 5, 16, 19, 29, 30, 181, 281, 299 emergency procedures, 118, departmental safety reviews, 3, 17 120, 180 committee, 17 slips, trips, and falls, 77, 150, in environmental rooms, 245 facilities, maintenance, and 164 equipment for use with, 88 custodial personnel, 17 vehicular, 102, 193 explosion hazards, 70, 71, 96, high school laboratories, 3 working alone and, 17 130, 131, 136, 139-140, 214, laboratory personnel, 17, 187 Acetaldehyde, 67, 72, CD 224 laboratory supervisor, 17 Acetic acid, 67, 68, 72, 96, 134, fire hazards, 67, 68, 69, 98, 99, liability concerns, 6 136, 189, 202, 203, 204, CD 128-129 management of chemicals, 88, Acetone gloves and protective clothing, 93, 102, 296-297 control banding, 64 111, 113 recordkeeping, 3 –dry ice coolant, 173 incompatibilities, 70, 73, 96, 98, regulations for, 194 dual-use hazard, 260 100, 128-129, 138, 139 research laboratories, 4 flammability, 65, 67, 68, 120, injuries, 58, 61, 118, 137, 138, training program, 250 173 180, 214, 260 undergraduate laboratories, inhalation, 57 labels/classification, 69 3-4 LCSS, CD neutralization of, 120, 137, 138, ventilation design, 251 spills, 48 195, 196, 209 waste management, 3, 186-187, storage of chemical in, 135 neutralization with, 121, 136, 194, 196, 201 waste management, 85, 190 208 CD refers to the CD in the back of the book 313
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From page 314... ...
reactivity in, 70, 72, 87, 93, 125, computerized, 88, 89 chemical hygiene 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, controlled substances, 261 responsibilities, 15, 16, 17, 140, 141, 143, 160, 173 cost containment, 5, 92 18, 22, 24, 297, 298-299 showers, 244 donations and gifts, 87, 92 and culture of safety, 2, 3, 5, 7 supply, 179, 180-181, 217, 222, just-in-time deliveries, 43, 89 emergency preparedness, 39, 226, 227, 241 minimization, 5, 21, 84, 164, 42, 117, 178, 180, 281, 299 Airborne contaminants (see also 186 hazard controls, 14, 18, 19, 24, Exhaust systems; Filters and monitoring, 16, 19 108, 142 filtration) ordering, 21, 86, 88-89 hazard evaluation and risk action levels, 269 receiving, 21, 79, 89-90, 263, assessment, 47, 55, 60, 66, in chemical hoods, 291 278, 299 75, 108, 123, 131, 301 dry materials, 144 in smaller containers, 86 laboratory supervisor, 17, 22, evaluating exposure, 209 standards for, 21, 22, 278, 299 24, 26, 75, 117, 177, 178, 180, explosive limits, 65, 66-67 Acrolein, 60, 70, 303, CD 231, 297-298, 299 lethal (LC)
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From page 315... ...
American Institute of Chemical Argon, 62, 130, 131, 134, 135, 159, consumable, 95, 245 Engineers, 267 160, 161, 172, 174, 234 denatured, 259 American National Standards Armored disinfection with, 247 Institute, 48, 108, 162, 217, chemical hoods, 132 flammability, 99 253, 269, 270 mercury thermometers, 88 incompatibilities, 73, 130, 139 American Society of Heating, Aromatic hydrocarbons, 63, 133 secondary, 72 Refrigeration, and Air Arsine, 60, 239, CD shipment of samples in, 101 Conditioning Engineers, Asbestos, 57, 141, 179, 273 Ascarite®, 136 in thermometers, 88 253, 273 Aldehydes, 210 American Society of Mechanical ASHRAE (see American Society of Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 133 Engineers Heating, Refrigeration, and Alkali metals, 59, 70, 73, 128, 130- Boiler and Pressure Vessel Air Conditioning Engineers; 131, 140, 178, 190, 210 Code, 170-171 ANSI/ASHRAE standards) Alkalis and bases Americans with Disabilities Act, Asphyxiants and asphyxiation, explosive hazards, 69, 70, 73, 6, 218, 272 62, 74, 90, 100, 140, 163, 168, 130-131, 190 Aminechromium 172, 173, 178, 242, 245 fire control, 140, 178 peroxocomplexes, 71 Aspirators, 75, 110, 153, 174 incompatibilities, 73, 128 Ammonia, 57, 61, 69, 121, 129, Assembly point, emergency, 39, injuries, 58 136, 141, 164, 166, 170, 260, 193 neutralization, 120, 209, 210 270, 303, CD Atomic absorption spills, 120 Ammonium hydroxide, 71, 96, spectrophotometers, 121, waste management, 209, 210 CD 237, 254 Alkenes, 72, 135 Ammonium nitrate, 69, CD Atomic Energy Act, 202, 271 Alkyl chloromethyl ethers, 63-64 Ammonium phosphate Audits (see Inspections and Alkyl nitrites, 71 extinguishers, 178-179 audits)
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Carbon powder, 73, 131, 136 273, 303, CD Bis(chloromethyl) ether, 54, 273, Carbon steel, 174 Benzyl azides, 96 303 Carbon tetrachloride, 137, 140, Benzyl halides, 61 Blankets, 36, 119, 121, 122, 180 178, 303, CD Benzylamine, 96 Boiling chips, 73 Carbonyls, 166, 302, 303 Benzylic hydrogens, 72 Boiling eruptions, 73 Carcinogens Benzyltrimethylammonium Boiling points, 48, 65, 67, 68, 73, clothing and protective hydroxide, 96 86, 99, 139, 172 apparel, 113 Biodegradation and Boron halides, 136 combinations of compounds, biodegradable materials, 88, Boron trichloride, 140, 303 64 196, 203 Boron trifluoride, 140, 170, 303, defined, 63, 275, 291-292 Biological materials and CD examples, 54, 63, 302 biohazards Bourdon tubes, 167 experiment planning, 64 aerosols, 60, 126, 221 exposure factors, 56, 64 Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive animal tissues and carcasses, Chemical Hazards, 52, 65, 304 information resources, 48, 50, 205, 206, 207-208, 303 Bromine, 61, 62, 303, CD 52, 53, 63, 291, 304 biosafety levels, 80, 126, 126 Building code requirements, 11, labeling, 101 Chemical Hygiene Plan, 15 22, 27, 95, 98, 100, 215, 217, LCSS information, 63 containment and biosafety 218, 242, 253, 272-273 minimizing/avoiding facilities, 75, 80, 126, 143, Bulk materials, 77, 78, 87, 89, 94, exposure, 55, 64, 86, 274 220, 221, 231, 236, 243, 244, 107, 133, 141, 142, 145, 195, MSDS information, 48 245-248, 251 198, 236 radiation, 75 disinfection and Bunsen burners, 27, 69, 128 risk assessment, 54, 55, 63-64 decontamination, 206, 254 Bunsen tube, 172 select carcinogens, 55, 59, dual-use agents, 256 Burns, 19, 28, 58, 59, 61, 66, 75, 63-64, 86, 97, 274-275, 290, exposure limits, 51 113, 118, 119, 122, 136, 137, 291-292 filters, 236 138, 139, 141, 149, 161, 173, spills, 273 gloves and protective clothing, 214 standards for handling, 59, 63, 111 tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, 303, CD 101, 273, 275, 290, 293, 302 information sources, 51, 79, 80, Butyllithiums, 135, 139, 140, CD storage, 97, 101 126, 189, 246, 260, 276 Card files, 91, 92 procedures for working with, Carts, 6, 23, 77, 89, 90, 114, 153, C 126-127 168, 216 radioactive, 207-208 Cabinets (see Biosafety cabinets; Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The regulation, 79, 189, 270-271, Storage)
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, 229, 232, 233 217 incineration, 193, 195, 196, 197, ductless, 231-232 Characterization of waste 199 energy conservation, 251, identification responsibilities, inspection, 26 252 187 labeling, 23 exhaust treatment and systems, for offsite management, liability concerns, 198-199 234-237, 241 186-187 limited waste, 190 explosion-proof, 248 test procedures for unknowns, manifesting, 199 exposure monitoring, 228 187-189 minimization, 277 design and construction, unidentified materials minimum requirements for 229-232 (unknowns) , 187 generators, 277 face velocities, 221-222, 226-227 Checklists monitoring offsite transport filters, 196, 220, 231, 232, 235, continuity of laboratory and management, 197-198 236 operations, 41 nonhazardous and general design emergency planning, 41 nonregulated waste recommendations, 229 inspection, 23, 25, 26, 27 managed as, 194-195 general rules, 15, 110 laboratory closeout, 253, CD offsite management, 186-187, housekeeping, 223 laboratory hazard assessment, 197-198 instrumentation, 228 CD "on-site" definition, 276-277 liquid scrubbers, 235-236 security vulnerability, 262 preparation for shipment, low-flow or high-performance, Chemical Abstracts Service 198 231, 251 (CAS)
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From page 318... ...
laundering, 109, 113, 118, 144, 300-303 Circuit boards, 94 175 safety recommendations, Circuit breakers and fuses, 28, 76, materials, 111-112, 132 303 120, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, for nanomaterials work, 143, training and communication 155, 162, 218 144 on, 17, 18, 29 Clean Air Act, 196, 278 radiation protection, 80, 127, Chemical management program Clean benches/laminar-flow 162 (see Acquisition of hoods, 143, 219, 221, 239, static discharge from, 128 chemicals; Inventory and 248, 250 storage, 113, 175 tracking; Shipment and Clean rooms survival kit, 36 transport; Storage; Waste casework, furnishings, and Cobalt, 61, 136 management) fixtures, 216, 244 Cold baths, 173 Chemical properties (see chemical hoods, 234, 244 Cold burns, 66, 74, 119, 173 Laboratory Chemical classification, 243, 244 Cold rooms, 76, 97, 109, 152, 245, Safety Summaries; Material pressure control system, 219, 298, 299, 300 Safety Data Sheets; specific 243 Cold storage, 97-98 properties)
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From page 319... ...
contact list, 38 information sources, 15 accumulation containers, 209 e-mail, 38 in-house gas systems, 100, 140 on benchtops, 113 emergency contacts for inventory control, 140, 164 bulk and economy sizes, 21, 87, individual staff, 39 list of hazardous chemicals, 114 internet and blogs, 38-39 140-141 caps and seals, 154, 159, 192 media and community monitors and alarms, 169 corrosives, 137, 192 relations, 39 oxidizing, 120-121, 170 cyanide, 22 plan for, 38-39 physical hazards, 74, 291 damaged or deteriorating, 90, telephone, 38 procedures for working with, 92, 114 text messages, 38 140-141 dry ice in, 136 regulations, 114, 164, 270, 290, empty, 92, 94, 137, 190, 191, 198 Comprehensive Guide to the 291 flammable and combustible Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 51, 59 toxic gases, 96, 121 substances, 22, 23, 58, 69, 88, Compressed air, 145, 165, 171, transferring, 166 98-99, 128, 129 180-181 Computer simulation of gases, 102, 198 Compressed Gas Association experiments, 5 hazardous, 137, 191 (CGA) standards, 168, 169 Computer systems and services headspace, 23, 73 Compressed gas cylinders (see backup systems, 36, 259 for hydrogen fluoride, 137 also Pressure vessels and cables and wiring, 216 inspection of, 22, 135 reactions)
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From page 320... ...
10 facilities for personnel, 143 classes, 61 operational excellence, 14 of gloves and other PPE, 112, containers for, 137, 192 oversight, 14 124, 176 engineering controls, 220 responsibility and information sources on, 253, equipment compatibility and accountability, 2-3, 4, 14 293 damage, 50, 76, 88, 165-166, security considerations, 7 of laboratories for 167, 170, 171, 174 technology and, 5, 6 decommissioning, 253, 254 evacuation of systems, 153, 167 tips for encouraging, 5 radiological, 127, 205, 208, 234, examples, 61, 73, 135, 137, 138, Custodial and maintenance 253 139, 140-141 personnel, 17, 25, 58, 110, regulatory standards, 275, 293, experiment planning, 61, 66 120 n.3, 142, 177 n.3, 216, 300, 302 eye contact, 58, 61, 135, 141, 219, 245, 253, 268-269, 282 respiratory protective 190 Cuts, 58, 76, 115, 118-119, 149, 164 equipment for, 178 gases and gas leaks, 61, 121, Cutting and drilling tools and verifying, 121, 254 140-141, 165-166, 167, 170, operations, 16-17, 77, 78, of waste, 205, 206, 207, 208, 172, 174 140, 143, 149, 152, 164 300, 302 gloves and protective apparel, Cyanides, 22, 54, 56, 60, 62, 63, 70, of work surfaces and work 111, 113, 176 125, 166, 180, 187, 189, 190, areas, 27, 121, 124-125, 302 information sources, 52, 303 210, 260, 275, 301, 303 Dehydrating and drying agents, inhalation, 61 Cyanogen bromide, CD 61, 136, 138, 139, 140, 159, labeling, 69, 165, 192, 199 Cyanogen chloride, 260 160, 175 neutralization, 209 Cylinders (see Compressed gas Delivery (see also Receiving rooms PPE, 171-172, 176 cylinders) and loading areas; Shipment shipping and transport, 199 and transport)
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, 72 heat guns and, 159 279, 300 Diethylnitrosamine, 273, 302, 303, peroxide hazards, 72, 134, 136 Desiccators, 115, 140, 175 CD PPE, 174 Design of laboratory facilities Differential manometers, 88 radioactive solutions, 204 access control, 214-215 Differential scanning calorimetry, rotary flash evaporation, 204 accommodations for 131 shutoff device, 159 individuals with disabilities, Differential thermal analysis, 131 solvent stills, 93, 159-160 6, 218 Digital thermometers, 58 thermal, 160 adaptability, 215-216 Diisopropyl ether, 136 vacuum, 140, 153, 159, 174 casework, 216 Diisopropylfluorophosphate, 301, venting stills, 140, 153, 300 closed or separate laboratory 303 waste, 195, 204 spaces, 214-215 Diisopropylnaphthalene, 203 Distilled water, 77, 157, 189 doors, 216 Dilution of Divinyl acetylene, 72 equivalent linear feet of acids, 17, 137, 138, 140, 189, 209 Documentation and record workspace, 215 bases, 209 keeping flooring, 216 bleach, 206 academic laboratories, 3 furnishings and fixtures, 216 chemical hood effluent, 241, accidents, 5, 16, 19, 29, 30, 181, layout, 215-216 242 281, 299 noise and vibration issues, flammable substances, 129, compressed gas cylinders, 26, 216-217 162, 228, 240 27, 164, 165, 169, 170 older facilities, 218-219 high-energy reagents, 115 equipment, 42-43, 165, 167, open design, 213-214 peroxides, 133, 134 170-171 safety equipment, 217-219 vapors and toxic gases, 129, exports and imports, 280 storage rooms, 22 162, 240, 242-243 waste management, 199-201 utilities, 217-218 waste chemicals, 134, 196, 204, Donations and gifts of chemicals, wet spaces relative to other 209 87, 92 spaces, 213 Dimethoxyethane, 120 Dose-response relationships, 54 windows and walls, 216 Dimethyl sulfate, CD Downdraft hoods or tables, 220, Designated areas, 22, 36, 39, 89, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , 58, 237, 239 101, 123, 125, 135, 145, 275, 67, 68, 136, CD Drains, 16, 28, 34, 114, 154, 180, 290, 293 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, 273 217, 232, 233, 234, 235 (see Detergents, 85, 86, 162, 191 Dimethylformamide, 204, CD also Sewer discharges)
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experiments, 40 flood, 34 Eating and drinking, 26, 109, 175, dry ice, 41 general preparation, 117 300 environmental and storage highly toxic materials, 125 ECOTOX, 53 conditions, 40 high-profile visitors, 35 Education and training in safety generator power, 41 high-value or difficult-to practices laboratory procedures, 40 replace equipment, 36 academic laboratories, 3-4 long-term, 40 impact/occurrence mapping, case studies, 53 potential effects, 40 34 computer simulations, 5 preplanning, 40-41 institutional or building and culture of safety, 2, 3, 4 security issues, 40 closure, 41-42 EHS management system, 12 short-term, 40 intentional acts of violence or emergencies and spills, 34 UPS, 41 theft, 35-36 first aid, 16, 29, 37, 137, 138, Electrochemical equipment, 149 leadership, 37-38 299 Electrocution and electric shock, loss of laboratory, 42-43 hands-on, 4, 5, 29, 53, 121, 146 76 mission-critical equipment, 34, informal, 4 Electromagnetic radiation 36 new employees, 29 hazards outside responders and radioisotope users, 13 laser light sources, 75, 162 resources, 43 regulatory requirements, 4 radio frequency and pandemic-related, 35 risk assessment and, 53 microwave sources, 75-76, political or controversial student manuals, 4 162 researchers or research, 35 in teaching laboratories, 3-4 visible, ultraviolet, and power loss, 40 topics, 29 infrared laser light sources, preplanning, 33-37, 40-41, 43 Electrical equipment (see also 75, 162 priorities, 37 Distillation; Heaters X-rays and electron beams, records for replacement of and heating equipment; 162-163 equipment, 42-43 Refrigerators and Elephant trunks, 220-221, 237, regulations, 281 refrigeration; Vacuum 241, 250 seismic activity, 35 systems and operations; Elevators, 23, 39, 69, 90, 114, 298 shelter in place, 39-40 other types of equipment) Emergency action plan, 15, 22, spills or releases, 35, 117, 125 capacitors, 76, 150, 152, 153 23, 27 staff shortages, 35, 42 codes, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154 Emergency equipment (see Safety survival kit, 36-37 electromagnetic radiation and emergency equipment)
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, 67, 196, demonstrations and magic 12-13 206, 270, CD shows, 116 planning, 10-12 Ethers, 72, 114, 136, 138 (see also designated areas, 123 policy and policy statement, 10 specific compounds) emergency response to principles, 13-14 Ethidium bromide, CD accidents and spills, 125 regulations, 10 Ethyl acetate, 72, 190, CD explosive and highly reactive review by management, 13 Ethyl benzene, 190 substances, 130-140 safety committees, 12, 16-17, Ethyl chloromethyl ether, 63 highly toxic substances, 64, 23, 24-25, 64, 276 Ethyl ether, 190 122-122 staff and responsibilities, 3 Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
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From page 324... ...
biosafety cabinets, 236, 246, airborne concentrations, 65, minimization, 18-19, 51, 56, 64, 247, 248 66-67 86, 107, 108-113, 124-125, in chemical hoods, 196, 220, alkalis and bases, 69, 70, 73, 178, 219, 274, 296 231, 232, 235, 236 130-131, 190 radioactive materials, 81 clean rooms, 243 azo compounds, 72 safety rules and policies, 18-19 disposal of contaminated boiling eruptions, 73 risk assessment, 57-58, 209 filters, 107, 191, 192 catalysts, 130 routes, 18-19 (see also Eye in exhaust systems, 239, 243, conducting reaction contact and effects; 302 operations, 133 Ingestion hazards; flammable paper, 139 cryogens, 131 Inhalation hazards; Injection gas phase, 236 decomposition rates, 130 hazards; Skin contact and for gases, 153, 223, 235, 236, emergency planning, 130 effects) 237, 240, 247, 302 experiment planning, 130-140 signs and symptoms, 60 HEPA, 79, 124, 126, 143, 145, gases, 133, 135, 136, 140-141, Extension cords, 151-152, 159, 221, 231, 234, 235, 236, 239, 172, 174 217 243, 247, 248, 302-303 glassware, 70, 72, 73-74, 109, 131- Eye contact and effects hydrogenation reactions, 130 132, 136, 153, 157, 174, 175 corrosives, 58, 61, 135, 141, 190 molecular sieves, 236 hydrogenation reactions, 135 emergency response, 118 nanomaterials, 79, 142, 143, incompatibles, 130-131, 140 protection against, 15, 26, 36, 145, 221, 236, 240, 244, 248 information sources 61, 75, 108-109, 114, 124, 131, oil filters, 179 list of materials requiring 132, 144, 162, 173, 174, 176 radioactive particles, 236 special attention, 135-140 toxic chemicals, 58 replacing filters, 236 other oxidizers, 73 Eyeglasses in respirators, 178-179 peroxides and peroxidizables, contact lenses, 36, 109, 127, 301 solvent use, 84 19, 72-73, 133-135 prescription, 109, 164, 176 ultra-low penetration air personal protective apparel, safety, 26, 36, 75, 108, 109, 124, (ULPA)
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Gas chromatographs, 24, 216, 220, thermal conductivity, 75 acids, 67, 68, 69, 98, 99, 128-129 237, 241 vacuum, 75 aerosols, 50, 99, 290 Gas cylinders (see Compressed Genetic Toxicology Data Bank, 53 alcohols, 99 gas cylinders) Gifts (see Donations and gifts of basic precautions, 129 Gases (see also Compressed gases; chemicals)
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124, 126, 127, 145, 220, 221, minimization, 87 information sources, 48 243, 244, 247, 248, 293, 298, real-time controls, 86-87 Heat of reaction, 131 300, 302 safer solvents and other Heat sensors and smoke Gloves and hand protection (see materials, 85-86 detectors, 100, 178, 249 also Personal protective waste prevention, 84 Heat transfer, 115, 130, 158 equipment) , 19, 23, 26 wet chemistry elimination, 85 Heaters and heating equipment absorbency, 176 Ground-fault circuit interrupters, (see also Hot air; Hot plates; butyl, 111 150, 152, 159, 217-218 Ovens)
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From page 327... ...
general practices, 19-20 98, 99, 113, 128, 129, 135-136, Information sources (see also glassware, 70, 73, 85, 86, 93, 153, 154, 228, 240 Documentation and 114, 124, 138, 214, 215, 302 electrical equipment, 21, 69, 76, recordkeeping; Education inspection of, 23, 24, 114, 297, 128, 129, 149, 153, 154, 245 and training in safety 298 gas burners and heating practices; Labels and nanomaterials and, 144-145 equipment, 69, 128, 129 labeling; Laboratory personal, 300 heating elements and hot Chemical Safety Summaries; rules, 113-114, 298 surfaces, 66, 128, 136, 156, Material Safety Data Sheets) safety aspects, 19-20, 77, 113- 159, 160 ADA compliance, 6-7 114, 122, 163 nanomaterials, 142 biohazards, 51, 79, 80, 126, 189, security aspects, 20 oxidants other than oxygen, 69 246, 260, 276 vacuum cleaners, 121, 145, pyrophorics, 70, 135-136 carcinogens, 48, 50, 52, 53, 63, 302-303 risk assessment, 34, 65, 66 291, 304 Hydrazine, CD shock-sensitive compounds, compressed gases, 15 Hydrides, 70, 90, 86, 122, 128, 136, 72, 136 computer services, 52-53 138, 177, 178, 210 spontaneous combustion, 69, corrosives, 52, 303 Hydrobromic acid, CD 73, 130, 135, 136, 139, 140, cryogens, 52 Hydrocarbons, 52, 63, 115, 133, 141 fire protection, 51-52 136, 140, 168, 177, 190, 236 static discharge from fabric, first aid, 27, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, Hydrochloric acid, 61, 96, 134, 113, 128 66, 94, 299 188, 189, 205, 209, CD Ignition temperature, 65-66, 67, flammability, 51-52 Hydrocyanic acid (see Hydrogen 68, 155 GHS, 47 n.1, 49-50 cyanide)
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International Air Transport Isopropyl ether, 72 acid burns, 58, 61, 118, 137, 138, Association, 23, 101, 271, 279 180, 214, 260 International Association K alkalis and bases, 58 for Assessment and assisting recovery and return Accreditation of Laboratory Kekulé, August, 1 to work, 12 Animal Care, 23 cuts, 58, 76, 115, 118-119, 149, International Chemical Safety Cards, L 164 51 emergency response, 117-119 International Civil Aviation Labels and labeling regulations, 281 Organization, 279 acids, 69 Inorganic compounds, 28, 52, 57, International Code Agency, 98 bar code, 19, 91 61, 62, 73, 96, 97, 120, 125, International Code Council, 273 color coding, 100, 165 130, 134, 135, 136, 139, 189, n.1 compressed gas cylinders, 140, 196, 210, 273, 279 International Commission on 165 Inorganic Syntheses, 209 Non-ionizing Radiation, 76 corrosives, 69, 165, 192, 199 Inspections and audits International Conference of experimental materials, 94 alarm systems, 43, 193, 245, Building Officials, 273 n.1 flammability and flash point, 249, 250 International Electromagnetic 65, 68 checklists, 23, 25, 26, 27 Field Project, 76 GHS system, 47 n.1, 49-50 compressed gas cylinders, 26, International Labour hazard communication, 49-50, 27, 164, 165, 169, 170 Organization, 49 51, 68, 94 conducting, 26 International Mechanical Codes, information to be included on, containers, 22, 135 242 94 corrective actions, 26 International Organization for inspection of, 22, 23, 27 EHS management system Standardization (ISO) , 78 and inventory and tracking, performance, 24-25 n.3, 243, 280 94 elements of, 25-26 International Programme on nanomaterials, 103, 145 fire department, 25 Chemical Safety, 51 quality of information on, 51 glassware, 26, 66, 76-77, 115, 174 International Toxicity Estimates reading and heeding, 22, 28 hazardous waste, 26 for Risk (ITER)
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81, 136, 166, 189, 193, 202, 141, 159, 178 administration and 203, 205, 206, 234, 273, 301, Magnesium hydroxide, 209 supervision, 123, 145, 262 CD Magnetic fields, 76, 163 alarms, 124, 256, 258, 264 Leadership, 2, 4, 37 Maintenance and repair, 4, 17, 24, barriers, 258 Leaks 41, 76, 102, 110, 114-115, 143, basics, 256-259 chemical hoods, 221, 224, 225, 149, 150, 162, 166, 167, 171, biohazards, 256, 260, 262, 263, 226, 227, 229, 231 180, 218, 221-222, 231, 232, 264 compressed gas cylinders, 120- 241, 248-249, 250, 252, 257, checklists, 262 121, 140, 166, 169, 170 295, 297, 298-299 chemicals of interest, 23, 89, corrosive gases, 121 Manometers, 75, 87, 88, 249 259, 260, 261, 262, 270, 275 detection, 100, 165, 171 Material Safety Data Sheets controlled substances, 261 flammable gases, 35, 69, 100, (MSDSs) controversial research and 120-121, 166, 170 access to, 27, 47-48, 89, 91, 268 researchers and, 35 gas cabinets, 239 audience for, 48-49, 78-79 and culture of safety, 7 gloveboxes, 243, 302 content, 22, 48, 50, 62 door locks, 257 microwave, 159 for emergency responders, 117, dual-use materials, 259-260, packages, 21, 90 118, 119, 138, 181 262 refrigerant, 245 for experimental materials, elevated (Level 2)
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, 67, commercial disposal services, work practices, 145 CD 205 NARM (naturally-occurring Methyl fluorosulfonate, 60 hazard reduction (treatment) , or accelerator-produced Methyl iodide (see CD)
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, 63, 275, 291 Occupational Safety and Health water solublity, 188, 192, 196 Near-infrared radiation, 75 Administration (see also Organisation for Economic CoNeedle valves, 168 OSHA Standards) operation and Development, Needles and syringes, 30, 58, 111, GHS implementation, 49 49 114, 131, 164, 206-207, 208, information resources, 53 Organolithium compounds, 136 278 state laws, 268 Organomercurial compounds, 301 Neurotoxicity, 54, 55, 56, 59, 62, Odor and odor thresholds, 60, Organometallic compounds, 70, 290 92, 95, 99, 137, 139, 141, 179, 122, 130, 139, 170 Neutralization and neutralizers 187, 216, 237, 240, 293, 301 Organophosphates, 62 acids, 120, 121, 136, 137, 138, Odorants, 70 OSHA standards 195, 196, 208, 209 Oil chemical-specific, 273 alkalis and bases, 120, 209, baths, 88, 93, 128, 129, 133, 154, Control of Hazardous Energy 210 155, 156, 158 Standard, 150 Nickel, 61 bubblers, 170 enforcement, 268 Nickel alloys, 166, 174 filters, 179 exposure limits, 269, 273 Nickel carbonyl, 60, 166, 302, 303, fires, 174 Hazard Communication CD PCBs, 275-276 Standard, 47, 48, 49, 51, 101, Nitrates, 69, 70, 71, 96, 130, 138, reactivity, 139, 140, 165, 167, 268-269, 270, 275 139, 190 169, 170 Laboratory Standard, 2, 6, 13 Nitric acid, 69, 73, 96, 120, 131, vacuum pump, 93, 133, 153, n.2, 14-15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 138, 139, 214, CD 173, 174 22, 48, 59, 62, 63, 101, 175, Nitrites, 69, 71, 140 waste, 174, 277 268-269, 270, 272, 273-275, Oil Dri, 120 289-305
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, 74 incompatibilities, 70, 73, 139, Peroxides and peroxidizables (see electrocution, 76 140 also specific compounds) ergonomic, 77 liquids, 69 acids, 72, 134, 139 high-pressure reactions, 74 metal oxidants, 57, 70, 86, 141 containers, 21, 69, 133, 134 information sources, 48 nonoxygen examples, 69 detection tests, 134 magnetic fields, 76 reactivity, 70, 130, 131, 139, 140 dilution, 133, 134 radio frequency and solids, 69 distillation, 72, 134, 136 microwaves, 75-76 spills and leaks, 120-121 explosives, 19, 72-73, 133-135 sharp edges, 76-77 storage, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 140, metal peroxides, 71, 73, 130-131 slips, trips, and falls, 77 170 organic peroxides, 50, 70, 72, ultraviolet, visible, and waste, 187, 188, 195, 204, 205, 73, 100-101, 130-131, 133- infrared radiation, 75 208 135, 189, 210, 290, 291 vacuum work, 74-75 Oxygen, 62, 65, 66, 67, 135, CD peroxidizable compounds, 134 Pipets and pipetting, 77, 110, 126, cylinders/tanks, 139, 163, 169 precautions for handling, 127, 206, 252 depletion, 163, 173, 179, 245 133-134 Planning (see Chemical Hygiene gas/atmospheric, 70, 72, 73, 78, reducing agents for, 134 Plans; Emergency action 129, 134, 135 storage, 21, 72, 100, 133-134 plan; Emergency response; isotopes, 203 waste disposal, 134-135, 187, Experiment planning)
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hazards; Incompatibility clean rooms, 219, 243 biohazards, 126-127, 247-248 of chemicals; Pyrophorics; compressed gas cylinders, 26, compressed gases, 140-141 Water reactivity; specific 164, 168, 169-170 equipment and glassware compounds) gauges, 88, 167, 172, 180, 243, maintenance, 114-115 in air, 70, 72, 87, 93, 125, 130, 249 explosive and highly reactive 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, precautions, 166-167 materials, 130-140 141, 143, 160, 173 Pressure vessels and reactions flammable chemicals, 127-130 gases 57, 70, 133, 135, 140, 141 (see also Autoclaves and highly toxic substances, glass, 137, 141 autoclaving; Compressed 122-125 hazards, 70 gases; Vacuum systems and housekeeping, 113-114 information sources, 52, 65, 304 operations)
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radioactive materials, 79, 127, (see also Fire safety accident reporting and record 270, 276, 278 equipment) keeping, 272, 281, 299 rationale for, 267 access to, 15, 27 acquisition of chemicals, 21, 22, relationships between automatic external 278, 299 regulations and standards, defibrillators, 180 acutely toxic substances, 274, 268-269 eyewash units and safety 275, 290, 293, 295, 301-302 risk-based performance showers, 15, 27, 28, 29, 34, administration and supervision standards, 89, 259, 261, 270, 113, 117, 118, 121, 122, 125, of laboratories, 279, 280, 281, 273 127, 128, 137, 176, 178, 180, 295 shipping, export, and import, 181, 217, 218, 273, 297, 299 biohazards, 79, 189, 270-271, 23, 271-272, 278-281 first aid, 15, 28, 36, 125, 137, 272, 276, 278, 280-281 state, 268 180 building codes, 11, 22, 27, 95, storage, 95 respirators, 178-180 98, 100, 215, 217, 218, 242, training in, 23 shields, 177 253, 272-273 waste management, 6, 271, spill control kits and cleanup, carcinogens, 59, 63, 101, 273, 276-278 177 275, 290, 293, 302 Reporting storage and inspection, 180-181 academic laboratories, 3
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, 51, 60, 269 stills, 93, 159-160 134, 145, 149, 153, 185, 186, Showers Southern Building Code Congress 192, 193, 195, 196, 202, 203, air, 244 International, Inc., 273 n.1 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, safety, 15, 27, 28, 29, 34, 113, Spills and releases 222, 232, 276, 278, 300, 301 117, 118, 121, 122, 125, 127, absorbents, 28, 120, 125, 133, Sharps 137, 176, 178, 180, 181, 217, 134, 145, 177, 302 disposal, 58, 111, 114, 206-207 218, 273, 297, 299 acids, 28, 120 hazards, 76-77 Silver and silver compounds, 166, alarms, 35, 82, 124 Shelf life and expiration dates, 167, CD alkalis and bases, 120 21, 22, 92, 100, 101, 112, 125, Skin contact and effects cleanup, 28-29, 120, 280-281 132, 134, 138, 261 absorption of toxins, 55, 58, 60, containment, 120 Shielding 62, 124, 139, 166, 179 debris management, 120 bench shields, 132 airborne contaminants, 179 disposal, 28 blast/explosion, 109, 110, 130, cold and cryogenic substances, emergency planning and 131, 161, 174 119 response, 28-29, 35, 118, 120, chemical hoods, 131-132, 160, corrosives, 58, 61, 111, 135, 141, 121, 280-281 177, 187 190 environmental releases, 28 full-face, 26, 61, 108, 109, 114, emergency response, 118 flammable solvents, 28, 120 131, 132, 138, 144, 162, 173, minimizing, 111-113 highly toxic substances, 29, 174, 176 toxic chemicals, 58 120, 273 glass materials, 177, 225, 229, Slips and falls, 77, 164 information sources, 28 248 Slot hoods, 220, 237, 238 low-flammability and low for magnetic fields, 76 Snorkels, 143, 220-221, 226, 237, toxicity materials, 28 microwave or radio frequency 238, 240, 241, 250, 251, 298 mercury, 121 emissions, 162 Sodium, 69, 70, 75, 122, 130, 137, policy, 28-29 pressure/vacuum reactions, 139, 140, 159, 178, CD regulations, 281-282 166, 170, 172, 174, 175, 300 Sodium amide, 72, 140 reporting, 28, 29, 281 radiation, 81, 82, 127, 203, 234 Sodium azide, 61, 136, 260, 303, Standards Completion Program, rotating equipment, 160, 162, CD 52 163 Sodium bicarbonate, 120, 177
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in glass, 73, 94, 99, 100, 129, sensitizers, and allegic filters, 236, 248 133, 137, 154, 191, 192, 302 reactions; Asphyxiants and Ultrasonic equipment, 85, 86, 149, highly toxic substances, 22, 97, asphyxiation; Carcinogens; 161 101, 125 Chronic toxicity and health Ultraviolet peroxidation, 203, inappropriate places, 21 affects; Corrosives and 208 information sources, 48 corrosivity; Developmental Ultraviolet radiation, 72, 75, 76, inspection, 27 toxicity; Exposure; Irritants; 109, 139, 151, 162, 176 labeling, 21, 51, 94, 154 Neurotoxicity; Reproductive Unattended experiments, 34, 39, odiferous materials, 22 toxins) 40, 41, 42, 116, 124, 128, 149, peroxides, 21, 72, 100, 133-134 access control, 123-124 151, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, reactive substances, 100-101 compressed gases, 96, 121 161, 170, 301 regulations, 95 designated areas, 123 Unconscious victims, 119 rooms, 22 dose-response relationship, Uniform Fire Code, 270 shelving, 21 54-56 Uniform Hazardous Waste size of containers, 99 duration and frequency of Manifest, 199, 200 sprinkler head distance, 21 exposure, 56 United Nations ventilation, 22 emergency planning, 125 Environment Programme, 51
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Variable autotransformers, 151, Chemical hazardous waste; of surplus and waste 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 170 Multihazardous waste) chemicals, 209-210 Vehicular accidents, 102, 193 absorbents, 193, 203, 204 Water reactivity Ventilated balance enclosures, academic laboratories, 3 hazardous materials, 70 220, 238 administration and Weather, severe, 34-35 Ventilation and environmental supervision, 209, 302 Windows, 132, 258 control systems (see also air emissions, 278 Working alone, 15, 17-18, 116, 120, Chemical hoods; Exhaust biohazards, 87, 108, 127, 185, 122, 301 systems)
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Key Terms
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