Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity (2009) / Chapter Skim
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4 Actions for Healthy Eating
4 Actions for Healthy Eating
Pages 49-70
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. Prevention of childhood obesity is essential to the promotion of a healthier and more productive society (IOM, 2005)
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Selecting foods that are consistent with the guidelines (i.e., fruits, vegetables, 50 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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• To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity. Food Groups to Encourage • Consume a sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables while staying within energy needs.
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The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans introduced the concept of "discretionary" calories -- the extra calories that are consumed during a day as added fat and/or sugars after enough healthy foods have been consumed to meet caloric and nutrient needs. Most discretionary calorie allowances are very small, between 100 and 300 calories, especially for those who are not 52 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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A healthy eating environment is one in which families have access to super markets or other places where they can obtain affordable healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables; healthy food is available and easy to identify in restaurants and public buildings; lower-income community members are informed about and participate in federal nutrition programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly called the Food Stamp Program) ; women feel supported and comfortable in breastfeeding; and there are ample water fountains in public places.
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Local governments can provide strategic leadership, such as pro viding improved access to healthy foods in lower-income areas, using zoning laws to change local food environments, requiring menu labeling in restaurants, serving as a catalyst for community change by offering healthier foods at government facilities, developing the infrastructure necessary for obesity prevention policies 54 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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However, local governments should also focus on strategies that reduce access to unhealthy foods, as these potentially may have more of an impact in reducing obesity than increasing access to healthy foods. For example, restricting access to sugar-sweetened beverages in after-school community programs may have more of an impact on reducing the consumption of excess calories and weight gain in youth than opening a farmers' market once a week for five months or starting a community garden.
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56 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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. Action Steps • Require menu labeling in chain restaurants to provide consumers with c alorie information on in-store menus and menu boards.
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that link procurement of affordable, healthy food with improving skills in pur chasing and preparing food. 58 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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Local govern ment agencies can serve as leaders and role models by adopting policies and prac tices that promote healthy food choices in public places. Action Steps • Mandate and implement strong nutrition standards for foods and beverages available in government-run or regulated after-school programs, recreation centers, parks, and child care facilities (which includes limiting access to calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods)
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. Strategy 5: Government Nutrition Programs Increase participation in federal, state, and local government nutrition assistance programs (e.g., WIC, School Breakfast and Lunch Programs, the Child and Adult Care Food Program, the Afterschool Snacks Program, the Summer Food Service Program, SNAP)
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Local governments can implement policies and programs that make it easier for mothers to breastfeed. For example, mothers that give birth in "baby-friendly hospitals" that practice the United Nations Children's Fund/World Health Organization (UNICEF/WHO)
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. Taxing 62 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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. GOAL 3: RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY EATING TO PREVENT CHILDHOOD OBESITY Strategy 9: Media and Social Marketing Promote media and social marketing campaigns on healthy eating and childhood obesity prevention.
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In keeping with the report's focus on changes that local governments can make to improve the food and physical activity environments of children, it is important to point out that media and social marketing campaigns can improve these local environments by highlighting the reasons for improving children's food and physical activity environments; and engaging the public in t aking advantage of new resources in their environment such as farmers' markets, new grocery stores, healthier choices at local businesses, etc. Action Steps • Develop media campaigns, utilizing multiple channels (print, radio, Internet, television, social networking, and other promotional materials)
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Short-term effects of a mass media campaign. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 32(3)
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:S54–S57. 66 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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Disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 36(1)
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Chicago, IL: Technomic, Inc. 68 Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity
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U.S. food assistance programs and trends in children's weight.
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