Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis Workshop Summary (2010) / Chapter Skim
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7 U.S. Policy in Food and Nutrition
7 U.S. Policy in Food and Nutrition
Pages 135-158
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From page 135... ...
THE ROADMAP TO END GLOBAL HUNGER James McGoern, B.A., M.P.A., Representatie for Massachusetts' rd Congressional District U.S. House of Representatives Although these are interesting and challenging times, the issue of ending hunger must take on a renewed sense of importance and urgency.
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From page 136... ...
The same problem exists on Capitol Hill, with global food security programs under the jurisdiction of the Agricul ture, Foreign Affairs, Ways and Means, and Financial Services, to name just the principal committees. This led Jo Ann Emerson and James McGovern to lead a crusade for a comprehensive government-wide strategy and for a coordinator on global hunger and food security.
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From page 137... ...
• Multilateral -- Not only should the United States contribute its fair share to the multilateral efforts to address global hunger, nutrition, and food security, but its strategy should also strengthen the multilateral effort and provide international leadership. The Roadmap recommends four basic actions to alleviate hunger and promote food security.
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From page 138... ...
2010 through FY 2014, for agricultural development, nutrition (including maternal and child programs and for other vulnerable populations) , school feeding programs, productive safety net programs, emergency response, research and development, and technical assistance programs.
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From page 139... ...
In addition, nutrition once again failed to have a central role in the announcement at the G8 on agricultural development and global food security. The emphasis must be made to focus on the under-two population, and the staffing, resources, funds, and coordination must be mobilized for this priority.
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This presentation will focus on food use or consumption. Humanitarian Assistance The global food price crisis began in 2007, and prices peaked in the middle of 2008.
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The United States has primarily responded to global hunger through humanitarian assistance. While this is essential for reduc ing the suffering of those devastated by humanitarian disasters, the underlying causes of chronic food insecurity need to be addressed, and food insecurity needs to be eradicated through comprehensive programs that address all three pillars of food security -- availability, access, and use (consumption)
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No data Industrialised country * percentage decrease in 2008 GHI compared with 1990 GHI FIGURE 7-1 Progress toward reducing the Global Hunger Index (GHI)
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to the Global Hunger Index Figure 7-2.eps (GHI)
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The principles that are guiding USAID's work in nutrition in the Global Health Bureau, include: • A focus on the chronically hungry, • The window of opportunity is from pregnancy to 24 months, • The quality of foods and their use within the household are crucial ele ments of food security, • Prevention of malnutrition is ultimately the most sustainable approach, and • Programs should be country owned and designed based on the country specific determinants of malnutrition and food insecurity. Malnutrition can be prevented.
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Agency for International Deelopment Global crises abound, and each of them rapidly pushes aside the previous. The current financial crisis has added to last year's global food and energy crises and even the ever-looming climate change crisis.
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Overall, investments in agricultural development have declined. Historically, rural poverty decreased and agricultural productivity increased with (1)
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The fifth is adapting services and training to the needs of women, increas ing their access to credit, financial services, education, and land ownership, as well as improving child nutrition through school feeding programs. The sixth is about promoting sustainable agricultural practices and adapting agriculture to climate change.
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Basic extension services are the primary means for developing public-sector electronic content that reaches farm communities and rural com munities through the e-extension service. Today, 4-H programs are able to reach more children than any other structured program in the federal government -- about 6 million children participate in 4-H programs each year.
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Over the past few decades, both countries have pursued effective agricultural development strategies and have significantly increased their agricultural pro ductivity through the Green Revolution and crop varieties, along with a range of other policy interventions. China has been far more successful at translating those agricultural productivity gains into reductions in the rates of malnutrition; India has been far less successful.
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Such research systems exist in the United States and are a reason that the United States is the world leader in agriculture. People in lower-income countries suffering from food insecurity need the same types of research systems to protect their own ability to produce food, particularly vegetables, because they help achieve dietary diversity and improve micronutrient sufficiency in families.
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From page 151... ...
In February 2009, the Chicago Council's report was made public, Catherine Bertini and Daniel Glickman testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and President Obama pledged $1 billion to agricultural development. There were a number of similarities between the Chicago Initiative, the Global Food Security Act, and President Obama's plan -- especially the emphasis on agriculture education and research, infrastructure, policy coordination, and strengthening USAID in publicprivate partnerships (Table 7-1)
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Policy coordination Create Council on Create a Special N/A Global Agriculture Coordinator for and a deputy in Global Food National Security Security within the Council. Executive Office.
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Agricultural Education The Chicago Initiative recommends increased USAID support for subSaharan African and South Asian students studying agriculture; increased American agricultural university partnerships with universities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia; direct support for agricultural education, research, and extension for young women and men; a special Peace Corps cadre of agriculture training and extension volunteers; and support for primary education for rural girls and boys through school feeding programs. Agricultural Research This recommendation aims to increase support for agricultural research in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
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Congress to collaborate in managing agricultural development assistance policy; and improving the performance of international agricultural development and food institutions, notably FAO. Policy Reform This Chicago Initiative recommendation aims to improve U.S.
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It was noted that because food security is now on the President's agenda, support is growing because people realize that food and economic issues affect everyone -- not just the NGO and university communities, but the American private sector and corporate world as well. The Role of Food Aid The view was expressed that the United States should not lead its fight against global hunger with food aid (although food aid should not be decreased and more flexibility should be allowed for local purchase of food)
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From page 156... ...
Martorell drew attention to the fact that the title of the workshop, Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis, spoke about that price crisis alone. As the planning committee began preparations for the workshop, however, the financial crisis occurred and the planning committee decided to expand the workshop's focus to include both the food price and the economic crisis in the workshop proceedings.
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From page 157... ...
The food price and financial crises present an opportunity to rethink approaches to food security and nutrition, to coordinate and deploy systems in a better way, to motivate policy makers at national and global levels to a greater commitment to action, and to do effective advocacy. There was much discussion about forging partnerships with the private sector, NGOs, and civil society, and to advocate for an increased level of resources.
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Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. Renewing American Leadership in the Fight Against Global Hunger and Poerty: The Chicago Ini tiatie on Global Agricultural Deelopment.
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