Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis Workshop Summary (2010) / Chapter Skim
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4 Responding to the Crises at the Country Level
4 Responding to the Crises at the Country Level
Pages 49-74
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From page 49... ...
Presenters examined the impact of these economic factors on food security and nutrition, and representatives from four countries recounted those countries' responses to the crises. As described by moderator Ruth Oniang'o of the Kenyan Rural Outreach Program, the following presentations helped workshop participants to understand the range of country experiences with the food price and economic crises and their impact on food security and nutrition, as well as country-level responses to these crises.
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Ministries of agriculture are also involved in mitigating the impacts of the global food crisis. These ministries develop long-term strategies to boost agricultural production.
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Unless there is a major change in the way governments address hunger both in developing countries and at the global and international level, the problem will remain unresolved. The Food Security Crisis The real food price index began increasing in 2002 and rose sharply from 2006 until mid-2008.
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The part of the population with food consumption below the Ghanem F-1 minimum energy requirement is considered underfed (Food and Agriculture Organization vector editable of the United Nations, 2008a)
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Developing Country Responses The specific policy interventions adopted by developing countries in response to the food price crisis are grouped into those that are trade oriented, those that are producer oriented, and those that focus on consumers. Of the 81 countries that FAO reviewed, all took some policy measure in response to the increase in food prices.
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From page 54... ...
But if not done in a transparent and participatory manner, it can have adverse impacts on the food security of developing countries. Other production-promoting measures such as renewed interest in input subsidies, output price support, and grain reserves have been put in place, but many poor countries lack the necessary resources to follow through with these programs.
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Food Prices and Expenditures In the past 20 years, the National Food Price Index shows that the price of eggs has increased the most of all foods, marked by a rapid price increase in the past 2 years. In addition, increases have been seen in fats and oils, maize, corn,
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At the macro level, Mexican food prices can be compared to international prices. For cereals and grains, the trends are very similar.
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During the recent food price crisis, domestic grain reserves were sufficient to maintain domestic food security. However, international grain prices and domestic price inflation could not have been avoided, and grain prices did increase.
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The fund for rural infrastructure construction needs to be increased to about 30 percent from its current 15 percent in order to promote basic productivity. Promote Innoation Capacity of Science and Technology for Grain and Food In an effort to promote the innovation capacity of science and technology for grain and food production, the following should be considered a priority: • Establish and improve China's innovation system for agricultural science and technology.
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Gradually Build a Feasible Grain Resere System Speeding up the construction of a mature grain reserves system is important. The national and local reserve grain system should be constructed respectively, focusing on the construction of grain reserves in grain sale-orientated areas.
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Conclusion In summary, to respond to the global grain and food crisis and domestic inflation, efforts must be made to establish support systems for food security, integrate the development of urban and rural areas, increase the development of grain and food, adjust the agricultural structure and increase the income of farmers, improve the Chinese food and nutrition structure, and support the sustainable and steady development of China's economy and society. FOOD PRICES, CONSUMPTION, AND NUTRITION IN ETHIOPIA: IMPLICATIONS OF RECENT PRICE SHOCKS Paul Dorosh, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow International Food Policy Research Institute This presentation synthesizes several pieces of work.
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. Over the past several years, production of the major cereals has increased substantially because of both area and yield increases, from 10 million tons in 2003–2004 to more than 14 million tons in 2008–2009.
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Household Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey (HICES) 2004/2005 data.
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However, in 2007–2008, when international prices rose steeply, domestic wheat prices showed only a moderate increase in real terms (and were thus sub stantially below import parity) largely because another good cereal crop harvest in Ethiopia allowed domestic supply (production plus food aid imports)
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Early Warning Systems and Livelihoods Analysis Although cereal price movements in Ethiopia were largely determined by domestic production and policies, such factors as national and regional production, income, and price shocks still strongly affected household nutritional out comes, depending on the structure of household incomes (their livelihoods) as well as their food consumption patterns.
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Conclusions Over the past two decades, Ethiopia has made impressive progress in enhancing food security by increasing domestic production, investing in infrastructure to improve market efficiency, improving early warning systems, and launching the Productive Safety Nets Program. The recent price shocks in Ethiopia can be traced mainly to domestic factors, including rapidly increasing overall incomes and cereal demand, rather than to shocks in the international market.
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To further enhance food security for households throughout the country, continued high growth in agricultural pro duction and incomes of poor households will be required, along with expansion of successful household-level interventions such as the Other Foods Security Program and targeted nutrition efforts. BANGLADESH CASE STUDY Josephine Iziku Ippe, M.Sc., Nutrition Manager United Nation's Children's Fund, Bangladesh This presentation explores the effects of the global food price crisis and its impact on nutrition, policy responses, and suggested necessary actions in Bangladesh.
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Micronutrient deficiencies among children and women in Bangladesh are major public health problems. Findings from the Helen Keller International (HKI)
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Global Food Price Crisis From 1995 to 2009, there was an increase in food prices; however, there was a sharp peak in January 2007 (Figure 4-4)
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Impact on Nutrition The joint World Food Programme (WFP) , UNICEF, and IPHN Household Food Security and Nutrition Assessment (UNICEF, WFP, and IPHN, 2009)
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Overall, the interventions made in response to the increase in food prices were focused on policy and safety net programs, subsidized food distribution, and limited-scale food aid. There were no interventions that specifically focused on improving the nutritional status of vulnerable groups.
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• Emphasize micronutrient-enriched foods and diet diversity in food assis tance interventions, food security, and nutritional programs. • Strengthen health and hygiene promotion to prevent and treat diarrheal disease, respiratory infections, and fever.
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This is challenging because controversial political issues between governments of both the "north" and the "south" arise, such as Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development subsidies and their effect on developing countries; issues of biofuel policies and their effect on food security and development; export restrictions; issues of public investment and aid to food-insecure areas; codes of conduct for private investment; and land-grab issues. These are important and difficult questions.
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Dhaka: Helen Keller International. Household Food Security and Nutrition Assessment.
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