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Appendix A: Literature Review Tables
Pages 147-226

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From page 147... ... , and business databases, as well as automatic retrieval of articles from journals dedicated to medical education (e.g., Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, Medical Education, Studies in Continuing Education) Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... A third reviewer verified the results classified as informative or equivocal in a final round of detailed assessment of the study design, populations, intervention, type of outcome, and conclusions for each article. Systematic reviews and metaanalyses are included in Table A-1; studies and articles are included in Table A-2. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... 149 APPENDIX A Table A-1 begins on the next page. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... * Identify common Sample: 20 articles, 12 Reflective practice: themes that emerge doctoral dissertations, and A critical analysis of from data-based 6 books data-based studies studies Inclusion criteria: and implications for * Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... Students require guidance about how to practice reflection High fidelity simulators facilitate Heterogeneity of research designs, learning under certain conditions: educational interventions, outcome • epetitive practice R measures, and time frame precluded • sed in conjunction with U data synthesis using meta-analysis multiple learning strategies • ariety of clinical conditions V captured • ontrolled environment C where errors can be made and corrected • ndividualized learning where I participants are actively involved continued Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... 1996. computer-based Randomized controlled A meta-analysis reminder systems in trial; computer-based of 16 randomized ambulatory settings reminder; control group controlled trials to directed at preventive received no intervention evaluate computer- care Databases: Medline, based clinical reminder Nursing and Allied systems for preventive Health database, care in the ambulatory Health Planning and setting. Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... * Computer reminders Heterogeneity in study designs and the improved preventive practices ways in which results were presented for vaccinations, breast cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, and cardiovascular screening * Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... 2008. of patient feedback on Inclusion criteria: Can the feedback of the interpersonal care Randomized controlled patient assessments, skills of primary care trials; published in brief training, or their physicians English; based on primary combination, improve * Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... Lack of a process evaluation improving professional practice embedded in trials are generally small to moderate * Few studies compare audit and * Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... Impact of physician performance >50% physicians formal continuing and health care Databases: RDRB, medical education: outcomes Cochrane Library, Medline Do conferences, workshops, rounds, and other traditional continuing education activities change physician behavior or health care outcomes? Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... Limited number of randomized enhance participant activity controlled trials and settings limits and provide the opportunity to generalizability of findings practice skills can effect change * The comparability of CME in professional practice and, on interventions is debatable due to the occasion, health outcomes lack of comparability of reviewed * Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... 2001. review of guideline Inclusion criteria: Implementing implementation Comparative study; practice guidelines studies for improving quantitative data; English for appropriate appropriate use of language; between 1966 antimicrobial usage: antimicrobial agents and 2000 A systematic review. Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... Firm conclusions not possible because maintaining knowledge, attitudes, of overall low quality of the literature skills, practice behavior, and * Heterogeneity in study designs clinical practice outcomes and the ways in which results were * Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... 2008. The clinical guideline primary studies effectiveness of implementation Inclusion criteria: clinical guideline strategies in terms Generic implementation implementation of improved clinical strategies; comparison strategies -- A synthesis processes and study; measured clinical of systematic review improved cost-benefit practice change and/or findings. Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... Study design generally poorly in changes in professional practice reported, making it difficult to judge * Didactic sessions alone unlikely the degree to which results may be to change professional practice biased * Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... Improving the prescribing Clinical trial; reports antibiotic selection: A of recommended on antibiotic selection systematic review and antibiotics for acute in acute outpatient quantitative analysis of outpatient infections infections; randomized quality improvement trials, controlled beforestrategies. Medical Care and-after and interrupted 44(7) Read the entire page →
From page 163... ... Valid and reliable questionnaire Variation across study designs prevents addressing variables necessary to comparing the effectiveness of CME allow comparison of effectiveness programs across interventions * Minimum 1-year postintervention period necessary to investigate sustainability of outcomes continued Read the entire page →
From page 164... ... 2002. Can on the effectiveness of Inclusion criteria: Use we alter physician physician educational of replicable educational behavior by interventions in interventions; >50% educational methods? Read the entire page →
From page 165... ... Professional performance was Heterogeneity in study designs and the generally improved by revision of ways in which results were presented professional roles and utilization of computer systems for knowledge management * Multidisciplinary teams, integrated care services, and computer systems generally improved patient outcomes Read the entire page →
From page 166... ... in a 12-bed of a nursing staff self-study education pediatric cardiovascular education program module on nurse intensive care unit on compliance with compliance with Method: Quasicentral line care policy central line care policy experimental cohort study in the cardiac intensive with pre- and post-test care unit. Pediatric design Nursing 31(3) Read the entire page →
From page 167... ... 167 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings Self-study module included a fact Self-study had a statistically significant sheet and poster outlining proper impact on staff compliance with central care line policy (p < 0.001, 95% CI) Professional development session * Read the entire page →
From page 168... ... Journal of design Outcome measures: Continuing Education in Nursing 29(3) Read the entire page →
From page 169... ... 169 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings One-hour role-play game designed * Significant increase in scores between for participants to experience pre-test and post-test (F = 64.08, and then reflect on their feelings p < 0.0001) Read the entire page →
From page 170... ... Journal of traditional CE course Outcome measure: Continuing Education Knowledge gains in the Health Professions 18(4) Read the entire page →
From page 171... ... 171 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings Self-directed group received * No significant relationships found reading materials, audio tapes, between exam scores and self-directed self-evaluation tests, case study learning readiness (p = 0.24) Read the entire page →
From page 172... ... prescription of randomized controlled 2004. A randomized antibiotics for children trial • xperimental group: controlled trial to E change antibiotic report cards and prescribing patterns academic detailing in a community. Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... Use of the learning portfolio prompted physicians to reflect on changes in clinical practice * Each group practice in the * Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... increasing compliance academic detailing; 1998. A randomized with national academic detailing controlled trial of CQI guidelines for the care and continuous quality teams and academic of hypertension and improvement (CQI) Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... Academic detailing alone and CQI conducted 15-minute academic alone were generally ineffective in detailing sessions improving clinical outcomes * On-site pharmacists conducted * Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... Results E from a randomized ongoing education and controlled trial. academic detailing • ontrol group: ongoing C American Journal of Medicine 107(6) Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... The experimental group received comparison, and academic detailing on peer-comparison feedback preventive services and academic detailing from a * Education, peer comparison, and pharmacist at 3 separate sessions academic detailing had modest effects on patient satisfaction continued Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... Jaffrey. and academic detailing Method: Cohort study 1999. Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... Academic detailing did not lead * Academic detailing was used to statistically significant changes to improve compliance with the in already high levels of guideline guidelines compliance * Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... 2005. Group randomized controlled versus individual trial • xperimental groups: academic detailing E to improve the use practices received of antihypertensive group detailing; medications in primary individuals received care: A cluster- one-on-one academic randomized controlled detailing • ontrol group: no trial. Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... Peer leaders were trained in * Length of stay, intensive care unit academic detailing through transfers, readmission rates, and inpractice sessions using role play hospital death rates were similar in * Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... in British geriatric principles: A with printed materials Columbia, Canada randomized control on promoting geriatric Method: Randomized trial on academic knowledge among controlled trial • xperimental group: detailing plus printed physicians E materials versus printed materials and printed materials only. academic detailing • ontrol group: printed C Journals of Gerontology materials Series A-Biological Outcome measures: Sciences & Medical Sciences 59(10) Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... Group academic detailing likely to receive drugs that were less sessions were similar to the anticholinergic individual sessions and included group and individual performance data 15-minute face-to-face educational Academic detailing plus printed outreach with a specialist in educational materials demonstrated geriatric medicine a trend toward increased knowledge retention (1.1 ± 1.3) compared with printed materials alone (0.0 ± 1.1, p = 0.053) Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... 2003. use of a virtual reality medicine residents at an A prospective endoscopy simulator academic medical center randomized trial with bedside teaching Method: Prospective comparing a virtual for training in randomized controlled reality simulator to sigmoidoscopy trial • xperimental group: bedside teaching E for training in training using a virtual sigmoidoscopy. Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... 185 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * High-fidelity mannequin training * Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... 2003. A exclusive use of students in Dublin, study comparing a virtual reality Ireland the effectiveness of simulator in the Method: Randomized conventional training training of operative controlled trial • xperimental group: and virtual reality dentistry E simulation in the trained solely by virtual skills acquisition of reality • ontrol group: junior dental students. Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... 187 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings Participants evaluated 2 Mean scores on case scenarios standardized patients before the improved significantly (85.4%) from the stroke course and 2 different pre-test (53.9%) Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... Screen-based training with Method: Randomized anesthesia simulation debriefing on the controlled trial • xperimental group: with debriefing response to simulated E improves performance anesthetic critical screen-based simulator • ontrol group: in a mannequin-based incidents C anesthesia simulator. traditional handout Outcome measures: Teaching & Learning in Medicine 13(2) Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... 189 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * The simulator used a graphical Residents who managed anesthetic interface and an automated record problems using a screen-based system to produce a detailed simulator handled emergencies in a record of the simulated case mannequin-based simulator (52.6 ± 9.9) Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... 2000. A effectiveness of and 4 senior clinicians comparison of the computer and manual at an urban VA Medical effects of computer reminder systems on Center and manual reminders the implementation Method: Randomized on compliance with a of clinical practice controlled trial • xperimental group: mental health clinical guidelines E practice guideline. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... notes Educational messages reminded * During a 3-month period after physicians of clinical guidelines implementation, 13% of ordered tests when test orders may have been were canceled following computerized inappropriate or redundant reminders; for orders appearing redundant, 27% cancellation rate * Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... 2001. therapies were ordered hospital A computerized for inpatients Method: Randomized reminder system to controlled trial • xperimental group: increase the use of E preventive care for reminders • ontrol group: no hospitalized patients. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... 193 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * All residents attended a 1-hour * Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... 1998. directive discussions Method: Randomized Effectiveness of between patients controlled trial • xperimental group: computer-generated and their primary E reminders for caregivers computerized increasing discussions * Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... 195 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * Advanced directive forms placed * Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... 2008. Using paper to lipid guidelines Taiwan chart based clinical Method: Randomized reminders to improve controlled trial • xperimental group: guideline adherence E to lipid management. Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... 197 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * In the experimental group, a * Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... clinical Outcome measures: reminder system Proportion of patients improves adherence in care who undergo (1) to practice guidelines monitoring of CD4 cell among the University count, (2) Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... 199 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings An HIV disease-specific * More than 90% of patients received electronic medical record (EMR) Read the entire page →
From page 200... ... 1995. A of computerized medicine residents computer-generated reminders for Method: Randomized reminder system preventive care in controlled trial • xperimental group: improves physician diabetes E compliance with detailed patient-specific diabetes preventive reports and encounter care guidelines. Read the entire page →
From page 201... ... 5 years after introduction, integrate 13 clinical guidelines improvement in mean performance persisted on 7 out of 13 measures and compliance improved for 1 additional measure * Diabetes guidelines and Compliance with recommended care encounter forms were significantly improved in both the incorporated in a computer experimental group (38% at baseline, program that served as a 54.9% at follow-up) Read the entire page →
From page 202... ... Nurse protocols the pneumococcal controlled trial • xperimental groups: versus clinical vaccination rate by E reminders. Journal nurses comparative feedback and clinician reminders of General Internal Medicine 14(6) Read the entire page →
From page 203... ... 203 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * Team A nurses received Vaccination rates for comparative comparative feedback information feedback group and compliance on their vaccine rates relative to reminder group were significantly those of Team B nurses higher than the 5% vaccination rate for * Read the entire page →
From page 204... ... 1999. Use of reminder improves physicians at a universitychart reminders for the rate of physician- based hospital clinic physicians to promote initiated discussion Method: Controlled trial • xperimental group: discussion of advance and subsequent E directives in patients completion of chart reminders • ontrol group: no with AIDS. Read the entire page →
From page 205... ... 205 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings Rule-based clinical reminders Compliance rates for computer-based appeared on the electronic record users increased 78% from chart of a patient eligible for a baseline (p < 0.001) whereas rates for recommended intervention paper record users did not change significantly (p = 0.18) Read the entire page →
From page 206... ... 1994. admitted to coronary Method: Prospective, Practice guidelines and care and intermediate controlled clinical trial • xperimental group: reminders to reduce care units E duration of hospital guideline reminders • ontrol group: no stay for patients C with chest pain: An intervention interventional trial. Read the entire page →
From page 207... ... * No significant difference found in complication rates, patient health status, or patient satisfaction * Read the entire page →
From page 208... ... :492-499. guideline period Outcome measures: Mortality; intensive care unit days; total hospital days; total charges; Rancho Los Amigos Scores; Glasgow Outcome Scale scores Duration: 9 years Audit and Feedback Lobach, D Read the entire page →
From page 209... ... 209 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * Standard orders were developed * Read the entire page →
From page 210... ... 2009. ongoing educational sites in an integrated Does continuing intervention for health system education improve improving the Method: Randomized physical therapists' outcomes for patients controlled trial • xperimental group: effectiveness in with neck pain E treating neck pain? Read the entire page →
From page 211... ... 211 APPENDIX A Description of Educational Method Findings * All practices received a copy of * Read the entire page →
From page 212... ... use in ambulatory and 4,489 patients in 6 practice: Impact of primary care practices a multidimensional Method: Prospective, intervention on nonrandomized controlled the treatment of trial with baseline and uncomplicated acute study periods • xperimental groups: bronchitis in adults. E full intervention; partial Journal of the American intervention Medical Association • ontrol group: no 281(16) Read the entire page →
From page 213... ... Substantial decline in antibiotic office-based patient education prescription rates at the full materials, clinician education, intervention site (from 74% to 48%, practice-profiling, and academic p = 0.003) but no statistically significant detailing (full intervention) Read the entire page →
From page 214... ... 2000. by a combined Method: Randomized Improving doctors' intervention of controlled trial • xperimental group: prescribing behaviour providing individual E through reflection feedback and deriving focus on urinary tract on guidelines and quality criteria infection (and vice prescription feedback: using guideline versa) Read the entire page →
From page 215... ... Prescription feedback provided well regarded by participants to each GP Nurses visited GPs' offices once a Practice enablers and reinforcers month to following CME significantly improved • creen medical records for high S adherence to guidelines compared to risk patients CME alone (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: • rompt physicians to reassess P 1.32-2.41) preventive care of these patients • nclose a checklist in the patient E chart with guideline reminders continued Read the entire page →
From page 216... ... 2004. nutritional support in Method: Cluster Multicentre, cluster- the intensive care unit randomized controlled randomized clinical (ICU) Read the entire page →
From page 217... ... 5.4 per 10 patientby a local dietitian, posters, and days; p = 0.042) , had a significantly academic detailing shorter mean stay in hospital (25 vs. Read the entire page →
From page 218... ... aimed at increasing Australia; all physicians 2004. Multifaceted the use of osteoporosis and pharmacists in 2 educational program preventive therapy in regions in Australia increases prescribing of patients prescribed Method: Controlled trial • xperimental group: preventive medication long-term oral E for corticosteroid corticosteroids geographic region induced osteoporosis. Read the entire page →
From page 219... ... Post-intervention: 46% had >60% * Partnership between hospital consensus of good teamwork; preleadership, ICU improvement intervention: 17% of ICUs had >60% teams, and ICU staff to identify consensus of good teamwork and resolve barriers * Read the entire page →
From page 220... ... 2003. peer-led small-group New Zealand Do clinical practice educational program Method: Retrospective education groups is an effective tool analysis of a controlled result in sustained in changing practice trial • xperimental group: change in GP when added to E prescribing? Read the entire page →
From page 221... ... GP-led discussion of evidence- prescribing behavior that was in based topics addition to any effect of the other * Individual prescribing data educational methods (mean effect size provided to each GP = 1.20) Read the entire page →
From page 222... ... an educational providing asthma care to 2006. An educational intervention on 102 patients in Australia intervention to pharmacist satisfaction Method: Controlled trial • xperimental train community and practice behavior E pharmacists in as well as patient group: educational providing specialized outcomes intervention • ontrol group: no asthma care. Read the entire page →
From page 223... ... The self-directed group received median exam score of the experimental a package with learning objectives, group (73.3%; range: 43.5-86.6%) guidelines, a pocket card, and reading materials continued Read the entire page →
From page 224... ... Improving based intervention Method: Cluster family physicians' involving audit, randomized controlled use of evidence-based feedback, and trial • xperimental smoking cessation academic detailing E strategies: A cluster to improve family group: multifaceted randomization trial. physician smoking intervention • ontrol group: no cessation advice C Preentie Medicine 35(6) Read the entire page →
From page 225... ... feedback, exam room reminders, * Testing rates increased among women and chart prompts making preventive care visits in intervention vs. Read the entire page →

From page 147...

... , and business databases, as well as automatic retrieval of articles from journals dedicated to medical education (e.g., Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, Medical Education, Studies in Continuing Education)

Appendix A: Literature Review Tables Pages 147-226

Appendix A: Literature Review Tables
Pages 147-226