Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States (2010) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-28
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From page 17... ...
The major federal nutrition policy guidance, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, specified quantitative limits for dietary sodium intake for the first time in 2005. It recommends consuming < 2,300 mg/d of sodium for the general population 2 or more years of age.
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From page 18... ...
to undertake a study through the IOM of the National Academies "to examine and make recommendations regarding various means that could be employed to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans." CDC was joined by several other federal agencies in supporting this study, including the Food and Drug Administration; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. THE TASK The statement of task for the committee charged with carrying out this study is found in Box 1-1.
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From page 19... ...
Instead, the committee relied upon conclusions from authoritative bodies to support the health benefits related to sodium reduction. THE APPROACH Scientific Rationale for Strategy-Setting Decisions Consideration of the scientific basis for establishing the relationship between high sodium intake and elevated blood pressure is not within this committee's task and was not specifically reviewed or addressed.
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To understand the nature of the scientific consensus among qualified experts on these two questions, it was deemed useful to review the scientific conclusions from the most current major authoritative consensus bodies, including the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC, 2005)
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From page 21... ...
. Given the direct causal relationship between sodium intake, blood pressure, and associated cardiovascular disease risk, several analyses of cost effectiveness have assessed the health effects and costs of populationwide reductions in salt intake of the U.S.
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From page 22... ...
Because sodium intake is causally related to high blood pressure, an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, reductions in sodium intake have been seen as an essential component of national public health policy for the past several decades (Loria et al., 2001; USDA/HHS, 2005)
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From page 23... ...
, including the most recent Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC, 2005) , have consistently and repeatedly concluded, after careful evaluation of stakeholder concerns and the available scientific evidence, that the evidence and public health concerns warrant extending recommendations for sodium intake reduction to members of the general population across the lifespan.
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From page 24... ...
An additional point of controversy concerning extension of the reduction of sodium intake to the general population is the issue of salt sensitivity. This concept refers to differences between individuals in the way that their blood pressure responds to changes in dietary salt intake (Strazzullo, 2009)
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From page 25... ...
: Ubiquity in Food Supply Consider unique challenges Other Roles of Sodium Sodium Intake and Sources Step 3 (Chapters 4, 5, 6, The Food Environment and 7, and Appendixes) : The Regulatory Environment Examine the context International Experiences Consumers: Education/Motivation Food Industry: Voluntary Sodium Reductions • Status Quo Step 4 (Chapter 8)
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From page 26... ...
, sets the stage for the committee's more in-depth examination of factors important to recommending strategies to reduce sodium intake Importantly, these long-standing public health activities have been oriented primarily toward affecting the behaviors of consumers through consumer education and motivating consumers to alter food behaviors. However, these initiatives included calls for supporting activities in the form of (1)
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From page 27... ...
2007. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: Observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)
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From page 28... ...
2008. Dietary sodium and cardiovascular and renal disease risk factors: Dark horse or phantom entry?
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