Child and Adult Care Food Program Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011) / Chapter Skim
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3 Methods for Examining Food and Nutrient Intakes
3 Methods for Examining Food and Nutrient Intakes
Pages 45-60
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From page 45... ...
NHANES is conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and is designed to provide national estimates of the health and nutrition status of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population in the 50 states. The data used included dietary intake data on individuals of all ages; demographic information including age, gender, and physiological status (e.g., whether a woman was pregnant or lactating)
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From page 46... ...
Self-Reported Dietary Data The under-reporting of food intakes appears to be more common than over-reporting at all age levels including children and adolescents, and especially among persons who are overweight or obese (Braam et al., 1998; Bratteby et al., 1998; Fisher et al., 2000; Little et al., 1999)
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From page 47... ...
Based on these findings, the committee considered it appropriate to use the data spanning the entire income range in order to increase the reliability of the intake estimates. Despite the limitations addressed above, the dietary intake data were an important source of information for examining food and nutrient intakes.
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From page 48... ...
. Children Over 2 Years of Age and Adults The standard used to review food intakes of persons over 2 years of age was the MyPyramid food guidance system.1 MyPyramid provides specific food-based dietary guidance that are consistent with the recommendations in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (HHS/USDA, 2005)
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From page 49... ...
Developing Healthy Eating Patterns Provide children with repeated exposure to new foods AAP, 2009; ADA, 2004 to optimize acceptance and encourage development of eating habits that promote selection of a varied diet. Prepare complementary foods without added sugars or AAP, 2009 salt (i.e., sodium)
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From page 50... ...
However, the committee selected different age ranges to evaluate children's and adults' intakes relative to current dietary guidance. Descriptive data on food group and nutrient intakes were initially calculated for the following age groups: • Infants ages 6–11 months; • Preschool children age 1 year; • Preschool children ages 2–4 years; • Schoolchildren ages 5–10 years; • Schoolchildren ages 11–13 years; • Youth ages 14–18 years; • Adults ages 19–59 years; • Older adults ages 60 years and older; and • Older adults ages 70 years and older.
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From page 51... ...
Estimation of Calorie Requirements To compare food group intakes with those recommended by MyPyramid, it was necessary to select an appropriate MyPyramid pattern for each age group. Because the patterns are determined by calorie requirements, an estimation of calorie needs was made for each CACFP age group, based on TABLE 3-2 Calculated Mean and Median Body Weights and Heights by Age Group Based on NHANES 2003–2004 Age and Gender Mean Body Median Body Mean Height Median Height Group Weight (kg)
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From page 52... ...
. This included the use of median heights and weights described in the Dietary Reference Intakes report that includes the EER equations (IOM, 2002/2005)
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From page 53... ...
SOURCES: EERs for 1 and 2–4 years were calculated based on data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (USDA/ARS, 2000) using the median heights method described in the Dietary Reference Intake report (IOM, 2002/2005)
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From page 54... ...
usual nutrient intake distributions and (2) the proportion of children and adults with usual intakes above or below the defined cutoff values.
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From page 55... ...
The AI is defined as a recommended average daily nutrient intake level and is based on observed or experimentally derived intake levels or approximations of the mean nutrient intake level by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate (IOM, 2006b)
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From page 56... ...
When mixed CACFP age groups occurred, the committee first estimated usual nutrient intake distributions and the proportion of individuals with usual intakes below the EAR using the DRI groups. The committee then computed the weighted average of the DRI group-specific prevalence of inadequacies, where the weights were given by the proportion of persons that belonged to each DRI group in the mixed CACFP group.
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From page 57... ...
Mean food intakes for those ages 2 years and older were evaluated by comparison with MyPyramid food pattern recommendations for selected calorie levels. Nutrient intakes were evaluated using the IOM methodology.
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From page 58... ...
2006b. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements.
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From page 59... ...
1996. A semiparametric transformation approach to estimating usual daily intake distributions.
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From page 60... ...
: Development of the FITS survey in comparison to other dietary survey methods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 106(1 Suppl)
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