Child and Adult Care Food Program Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011) / Chapter Skim
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5 Nutritional Considerations for Adults
5 Nutritional Considerations for Adults
Pages 77-88
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From page 77... ...
. The chapter includes special nutritional considerations relating to meeting the needs for vitamins B12 and D, chronic disease, texture modifications, and recognizing the influence of ethnic and religious tradition on food choices.
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From page 78... ...
This change makes room for more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and low-fat or nonfat fluid milk and milk products without providing excess calories. ENERGY AND NUTRIENT INTAKES Energy The committee considered estimated energy intakes by adults as discussed in Chapter 3.
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Nutrients with an Estimated Average Requirement The committee examined nutrient intakes by adults in relation to selected DRIs to identify nutrients for which intake is likely to be inadequate
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Low protein intake may be of particular concern for older adults because, compared with younger adults, they have lower efficiency of protein utili TABLE 5-2 Estimated Prevalence of Inadequacy of Protein and Selected Vitamins and Minerals Among Adults Based on Usual Nutrient Intakes from NHANES 2003–2004a Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Usual Intakes (%) by Age Group (years)
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AI 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.5 Mean intake 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 Median intake 1.8 1.3 1.2 NOTES: AI 5 Adequate Intake; g/d 5 grams per day; mg/d 5 milligrams per day. Bold font indicates mean intake values lower than the AI.
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From page 82... ...
. On average, males ages 20–69 years have a mean cholesterol intake that exceeds 300 mg per day, whereas mean intakes are below 300 mg per day for adult women and for men ages 70 years and older (USDA/ ARS, 2010, Table 1)
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Vitamin D and Calcium Elderly adults tend to have poor dairy and vitamin D intake, decreased sun exposure as well as reduced dermal synthesis of 1,25-OH2-D, and secondary hyperparathyroidism, all of which contribute to increased risk for poor bone health and fracture risk in this population. Concentrations of provitamin D3 in the epidermis are inversely related to age (MacLaughlin and Holick, 1985)
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Impact of Chronic Disease Any chronic disease may affect an individual's nutrient needs or otherwise have an impact on nutritional status. Dietary modifications, which are described briefly below, may be needed to support health, and medications may affect dietary intake or lead to drug-nutrient interactions.
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From page 85... ...
The most commonly prescribed modifications include lowering sodium, dietary fat, and total calories. For most of the chronic conditions that may result in a need for day care, these modifications are consistent with the Dietary Guidelines and can be accommodated with a general menu, thereby limiting the need for highly specialized individual meals.
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From page 86... ...
Redeveloping recipes for ethnic foods that may be more healthful has been a successful strategy. FOODS AND NUTRIENTS TO BE ENCOURAGED OR LIMITED The analyses of food and nutrient intakes by adults make it clear that special effort will be needed to both provide and encourage intake of more fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and whole grains while limiting exposure to and the consumption of foods high in sugar, solid fats, and sodium and of refined grains.
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2009. Increas ing dietary protein requirements in elderly people for optimal muscle and bone health.
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From page 88... ...
2010. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010.
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